% file: ancient.ltx
% Nov 14, 2000
% author: Dimitrios Filippou
%
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[english,polutonikogreek]{babel}
\usepackage{graphicx}


\title{\catcode`\~=12
K'wdikec sullabismo~u gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia >arqa'iwn <ellhnik~wn
keim'enwn m`e t`o \TeX\ ka`i t`o \LaTeX}

\author{Dhm'htrioc >A. Fil'ippou \\
{\sl K'atw Gatz'ea} \\
{\sl 385 00 B'oloc}
}

\def\SLE{\selectlanguage{english}}
\def\SLG{\selectlanguage{polutonikogreek}}
\def\NMN{\nobreak\medskip\nobreak}
\def\BPT{.\penalty \exhyphenpenalty}

\date{14 Noembr'iou 2000}

\begin{document}
\maketitle
\frenchspacing
\renewcommand{\figurename}{Sq~hma}

\setbox0\hbox{\sl bar~ate me, >all`a l'igo ''lafr'utera}
\begin{flushright}
\begin{minipage}[t]{\wd0}
\textsl{Kalo'i mou fil'ologoi, \\[.25\baselineskip]
bar~ate me, >all`a l'igo ''lafr'utera \\
po`u mp~hka gi'' >'allh mi`a for`a \\
st'' >ampeloq'wraf'a sac!} \\[.25\baselineskip]
\null\hfill >Epirrep`hc ka`i >ejism'enoc
\end{minipage}
\end{flushright}


\selectlanguage{english}\begin{abstract}
The grammatical rules for hyphenation of ancient Greek differ
considerably from those for modern Greek, particularly when it comes to
compound words. Moreover, there are not any freely available hyphenation
patterns for typesetting ancient Greek texts with \TeX\@. Thus, new
hyphenation patterns had to be written from scratch for typesetting
ancient Greek. These new patterns allow for the separation of compound
words in their original parts when the first part has not lost its final
vowel by ellision. The new hyphenation patterns, which can be used with
the \verb|greek| option of \textsf{babel} or Dryllerakis'
\textsc{GreeK\TeX}, are available for free from CTAN.
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{polutonikogreek}

\section{E>isagwg`h}

S`e prohgo'umeno >'arjro \cite{fili:eutu}, e>'iqame >anaferje~i st`hn
dhmiourg'ia beltiwm'enwn kwd'ikwn sullabismo~u gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia
neoellhnik~wn keim'enwn m`e t`o \TeX\ ka`i t`o \LaTeX\@. O<i k'wdikec
sullabismo~u polutonik~wn neoellhnik~wn keim'enwn j`a mporo~usan n`a
qrhsime'usoun ka`i gi`a t`on sullabism`o >arqa'iwn <ellhnik~wn
keim'enwn, >ef'' <'oson ka`i o<i >arqa~ioi <'Ellhnec sull'abizan m`e
b'ash t`on kan'ona po`u l'eei <'oti <'ena s'umfwno sullab'izetai p'anta
m`e t`o >ak'oloujo fwn~hen\nobreakspace\cite{smyt:gree}. >'Iswc d`e o<i
>arqa~ioi <'Ellhnec n`a q'wrizan t`ic sullab`ec m`e b'ash m'ono t`on
tonism`o ka`i t`hn e>ufwn'ia. Gi`a par'adeigma, <o \textlatin{Smyth}
\cite{smyt:gree} >anaf'erei <'oti o<i >arqa~ioi <'Ellhnec sull'abizan
t`hn >'ekfrash \textit{>ek to'utou} s`an n`a >~htan m'ia l'exh, dhlad`h
sull'abizan
\textit{>e-k {\kern1ex}\llap{\rotatebox{270}{\rm\kern.3ex)}} %
{\kern-.5ex}\llap{t}o'u-tou}.   

<Wst'oso, ne'wteroi grammatikol'ogoi e>is'hgagan <'enan kan'ona gi`a t`on
sullabism`o t~wn s'unjetwn >arqa'iwn <ellhnik~wn l'exewn m`e b'ash t`on
qwrism`o t~wn sunjetik~wn touc \cite{good:gree}. S'umfwna m'' a>ut`on
t`on kan'ona, sullab'izoume \textit{>ap-agg'elw}, \textit{Di'os-kouroc}
ka`i \textit{par-ek-tr'epw}, >ant`i gi`a \textit{>a-pagg'elw},
\textit{Di'o-skouroc} ka`i \textit{pa-re-ktr'epw}. 

<H >Akadhm'ia >Ajhn~wn \cite{kall:prak}, >all`a ka`i <orism'enec
>'egkurec grammatik`ec to~u perasm'enou a>i'wna \cite{good:gree},
>apod'eqontai t`on parap'anw kan'ona >elafr~wc tropopoihm'eno; o<i
s'unjetec l'exeic qwr'izontai st`a sunjetik'a touc m'erh, m'ono <'otan
d`en >'eqei sumbe~i >'ekjliyh fwnh'entwn to~u pr'wtou sunjetiko~u. <H
sqolik`h grammatik`h t~wn >arqa'iwn <ellhnik~wn \cite{oiko:gram}, po`u
>akolouje~i t`ic <odhg'iec t~hc >Akadhm'iac >Ajhn~wn, gr'afei
qarakthristik'a: 
\begin{quote} 
((Oi s'unjetec l'exeic qwr'izontai sta sunjetik'a touc m'erh, an
kat'a th s'unjesh den 'eqei apoblhje'i to telik'o fwn'hen tou
j'ematoc tou a$'$ sunjetiko'u; alli'wc, sullab'izontai san apl'ec
l'exeic: \textit{>ex-'erqomai}, \textit{sun-'agw}, \textit{dus-tuq'hc},
\textit{<Ell'hs-pontoc}, \textit{noun-eq'hc}; all'a:
\textit{pa-r'erqomai}, \textit{>a-p'eqw}, \textit{k'a-jodoc},
\textit{no-m'arqhc}, \textit{f'i-lippoc}, \textit{prw-tagwnist'hc}.))
\end{quote} 

<O Qaral'ampouc \cite{qara:tugb} >'eqei <etoim'asei k'wdikec
sullabismo~u >arqaioellhnik~wn keim'enwn m`e b'ash  t`on qwrism`o t~wn
s'unjetwn >arqaioellhnik~wn l'exewn st`a sunjetik'a touc m'erh >ak'oma
ka`i <'otan >'eqei >apoblhje~i t`o telik`o fwn'hewn to~u pr'wtou
sunjetiko~u. Dhlad`h o<i k'wdikec to~u Qaral'ampouc  d'inoun:
\textit{a>iqm-'alwtoc} (\textit{a>iqm`h} + \textit{<alwt'oc}),
\textit{strat-hg'oc} (\textit{strat`oc} + \textit{>'agw}), >en`w kat`a
t`hn sqolik`h grammatik`h t~wn >arqa'iwn \cite{oiko:gram} >'eqoume:
\textit{a>iq-m'alwtoc}, \textit{stra-thg'oc}. >Epipl'eon, o<i k'wdikec
sullabismo~u to~u Qaral'ampouc gi`a t`a >arqa~ia <ellhnik`a d`en
kukloforo~un dwre`an st`o Diad'iktuo. 

Prokeim'enou <'oloi o<i qr~hstec to~u \TeX\ ka`i to~u \LaTeX\ n`a
mporo~un n`a stoiqeiojeto~un >arqa~ia <ellhnik`a ke'imena m`e swst`o
sullabism'o, dhmiourg'hsame n'eouc k'wdikec sullabismo~u. A>uto`i o<i
n'eoi k'wdikec sullabismo~u gi`a t`a >arqa~ia <ellhnik`a diaf'eroun
>ap`o >eke'inouc to~u Qaral'ampouc \cite{qara:tugb} st`o <'oti
sthr'izontai sto`uc kan'onec t~hc >Akadhm'iac >Ajhn~wn ka`i t~hc
sqolik~hc grammatik~hc. M`e >'alla l'ogia o<i n'eoi k'wdikec
sullabismo~u d'inoun \textit{pros-'eqw} <'omwc \textit{pa-r'e-qw}, >en`w
o<i k'wdikec to~u Qaral'ampouc d'inoun \textit{pros-'eqw} ka`i
\textit{par-'eqw}. Parak'atw >exhge~itai leptomer~wc t`o p~wc
fti'aqjhkan o<i n'eoi k'wdikec sullabismo~u gi`a t`a >arqa~ia
<ellhnik'a, >all`a ka`i o<i sp'aniec peript'wseic <'opou t`o \TeX\
mpore~i n`a sullab'isei lanjasm'ena.  


\section{<H dhmiourg'ia beltiwm'enwn kwd'ikwn sullabismo~u gi`a
t`a >arqa~ia <ellhnik'a}

T`o p~wc sullab'izei t`o \TeX\ t`o e>'idame st`o prohgo'umeno sqetik`o
>'arjro \cite{fili:eutu}. >'Etsi, <'opwc st`hn per'iptwsh t~wn n'ewn
<ellhnik~wn, o<i k'wdikec sullabismo~u t~wn >arqa'iwn <ellhnik~wn
prok'uptoun kat`a >antistoiq'ia m`e to`uc grammatiko`uc kan'onec
sullabismo~u: 

\bigskip

\noindent
(a) \textit{<'Ena s'umfwno >an'amesa s`e d'uo fwn'henta sullab'izetai
m`e t`o de'utero fwn~hen}

\NMN

\noindent
M`e >'alla l'ogia, m'ia <apl`h l'exh qwr'izetai s`e sullab`ec met`a
>ap`o k'aje fwn~hen: p.q., \textit{>a-gno-'e-w}. O<i >ant'istoiqoi
k'wdikec e>~inai: \textlatin{\texttt{a1 e1 h1 i1 o1 u1 w1}}. Gi`a t`hn
>apofug`h qwrismo~u metax`u fwn'hentoc ka`i <upodiastol~hc,
prosj'etoume: \textlatin{\texttt{a2|1 h2|1 w2|1}}.

\bigskip

\noindent
(b) \textit{O<i d'ifjoggoi d`en qwr'izontai}

\NMN

\noindent
O<i >ant'istoiqoi k'wdikec e>~inai: \textlatin{\texttt{a2i a2'i} \dots\
\texttt{u2<`i u2<~i}}. Metax`u t~wn kwd'ikwn a>ut~wn paremb'alloume
<orism'enec >exair'eseic: \textlatin{\texttt{'a3i >a3i <a3i} \dots\
\texttt{'u3i ~u3i >u3i <u3i ou3i 'ou4i >ou4i <ou4i o3u'i o3u~i}}. 

\bigskip

\noindent
(g) \textit{T`a s'umfwna --- <apl`a ka`i d'iyhfa --- st`hn
>arq'h >`h st`o t'eloc l'exewn d`en >apotelo~un sullab'ec}

\NMN

\noindent 
O<i >ant'istoiqoi k'wdikec e>~inai: \textlatin{\texttt{4b. 4g.} \dots\
\texttt{4y. .b4 .g4} \dots\ \texttt{.y4}}. Sto`uc k'wdikec a>uto'uc,
prosj'etoume meriko`uc >ak'oma gi`a t`hn per'iptwsh >elleip~wn l'exewn
po`u telei'wnoun m`e >ap'ostrofo >ex a>it'iac >'ekjliyhc fwn'hentoc: 
\textlatin{\texttt{4'' 4b'' 4g''} \dots\ \texttt{4y''}}. >Ep'ishc
prosj'etoume ka`i meriko`uc k'wdikec gi`a t`hn per'iptwsh >elleip~wn
l'exewn po`u telei'wnoun m`e d'uo s'umfwna ka`i >ap'ostrofo: 
\textlatin{\texttt{4bd'' 4bl''} \dots\ \texttt{4qn'' 4qr''}}. 

O<i l'exeic po`u >'eqoun <uposte~i >'ekjliyh >emfan'izontai kur'iwc
st`hn >arqa'ia <ellhnik`h po'ihsh.  Gi`a par'adeigma, <o >aristofanik`oc
<'hrwac E>uelp'idhc l'eei:
\begin{verse}
>asto`i met'' >ast~wn, o>u sobo~untoc o>uden`oc \\
>anept'omesj'' >ek t~hc patr'idoc >amfo~in podo~in, \\
a>ut`hn m`en o>u miso~unt'' >eke'inhn t`hn p'olin\dots

{}\hspace*{3em} >Aristof'anhc, \textit{>'Ornijec}, st'iqoi 34--36
\end{verse}
Beba'iwc, t`o k'oyimo t~wn l'exewn e>~inai sp'anio st`hn po'ihsh.
>Epeid`h <'omwc t'etoiec poihtik`ec fr'aseic mpore~i n`a parousiasjo~un
>'oqi m'ono st`hn morf`h st'iqwn, >all`a ka`i >ent`oc pezo~u keim'enou,
gi'' a>ut`o ka`i o<i parap'anw k'wdikec e>~inai >apara'ithtoi.  

\bigskip

\noindent
(d) \textit{T`a dipl`a s'umfwna qwr'izontai}

\NMN

\noindent
O<i >ant'istoiqoi k'wdikec e>~inai: \textlatin{\texttt{4b1b 4g1g} \dots\
\texttt{4r1r 4>r1<r 4s1s} \dots\ \texttt{4y1y}}. (<O Qaral'ampouc
\cite{qara:tugb} l'eei <'oti t`o dipl`o \textit{r} --- \textit{rr} >`h
\textit{>r<r} --- d`en qwr'izetai, >all`a a>ut`o e>~inai m'allon l'ajoc.)

\bigskip

\noindent
(e) \textit{Sunduasmo`i d'uo >`h perissot'erwn sumf'wnwn,
>ek t~wn <opo'iwn d'uo pr'wtwn d`en >arq'izei <ellhnik`h l'exh,
qwr'izontai met`a t`o pr~wto s'umfwno}\label{sumf-sumf}

\NMN

\noindent
O<i >ant'istoiqoi k'wdikec e>~inai: \textlatin{\texttt{2b1g} \dots\
\texttt{2y1q}}.  J`a pr'epei n`a shmei'wsoume <'oti <up'arqoun
<orism'enoi sunduasmo`i sumf'wnwn >ap`o to`uc <opo'iouc >arq'izoun
l'exeic t~hc n'eac <ellhnik~hc gl'wssac, >all`a >ap`o to`uc <opo'iouc
d`en >arq'izoun l'exeic t~hc >arqa'iac <ellhnik~hc. >'Etsi, <o
sunduasm`oc \textit{bg} d`en qwr'izetai st`a n'ea <ellhnik'a (giat`i
<up'arqei <h l'exh \textit{bga'inw}), >en`w qwr'izetai st`a >arqa~ia
<ellhnik'a (giat`i d`en <up'arqei >arqa'ia <ellhnik`h l'exh po`u n`a
>arq'izei >ap`o \textit{bg}). T`a sumfwnik`a sumpl'egmata >ap`o t`a
<opo~ia >arq'izoun l'exeic >arqaioellhnik'ec, t`a >epibebai'wsame >ap`o
t`o lexik`o \textlatin{Liddell--Scott}\nobreakspace\cite{lidd:lexi} ka`i
t`o lexik`o to~u Stamat'akou \cite{stam:lexi}.

<'Enac >'alloc kan'onac gi`a t`on sullabism`o t~wn >arqa'iwn l'eei
\cite{good:gree} <'oti d`en qwr'izetai <o sunduasm`oc d'uo sumf'wnwn
<'otan t`o pr~wto e>~inai >'afwno 
(\textit{p}, 
\textit{b}, 
\textit{f}\nobreakspace/
\textit{t},
\textit{d},
\textit{j}\nobreakspace/
\textit{k},
\textit{g},
\textit{q})
ka`i t`o de'utero e>~inai <'ena >ap`o t`a rinik`a \textit{m}
>`h\nobreakspace\textit{n}. J`a pr'epei loip`on o<i k'wdikec n`a m`hn
peri'eqoun t`on qwrism`o t~wn \textit{bm}, \textit{bn}, \textit{gm},
k.t.<'o. Gi'' a>ut`o ka`i d`en sumperilamb'anoume to`uc k'wdikec
\textlatin{\texttt{2b1m} \dots\ \texttt{2q1n}}. 

\bigskip

\noindent
(\stigma) \textit{M'ia s'unjeth l'exh qwr'izetai st`a sunjetik'a thc
m'erh. <'Otan <'omwc >'eqei >ep'eljei >'ekjlish fwnh'entwn kat`a t`hn
s'unjesh, t'ote <h l'exh sullab'izetai s`an m'ia <apl`h l'exh.}

\NMN

\noindent

A>ut`oc <o kan'onac dhmiourge~i t`ic megal'uterec duskol'iec gi`a t`hn
dhmiourg'ia t~wn kwd'ikwn sullabismo~u t~wn >arqa'iwn <ellhnik~wn.  T`hn
l'ush st`o pr'oblhma t`hn >epes'hmane pr~wtoc <o Qaral'ampouc
\cite{qara:tugb}: M`e b'ash <'ena lexik`o t~hc >arqa'iac <ellhnik~hc
gl'wssac --- st`hn per'iptws'h mac, t`o meg'alo lexik`o to~u Stamat'akou
\cite{stam:lexi} --- katastr'wsame <'enan >ektetam'eno kat'alogo >ap`o
k'wdikec po`u >antistoiqo~un st`a >arqik`a m'erh t'etoiwn s'unjetwn
l'exewn:
\begin{tabbing}
\hspace{1em} \= \hspace{15ex} \= xxxxx \kill
\> \textlatin{\texttt{>adi'e2x1}} \> >adi'ex-odoc \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{>adie2x1}} \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{>adu2s1'w}} \> >adus-'wphtoc \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{>adu2s1w}} \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{<al'o2s1}} \>  <al'os-anjoc \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{<alo2s1}} \\
\> \texttt{...} \> \dots\ \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{<w2s1e`i.}} \> <ws-e`i \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{<w2s1e'i.}} \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{<'w2s1per.}} \> <'ws-per \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{<w2s1pe2r1}} \> <ws-per-e`i \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{<'w2s1te}} \> <'ws-te
\end{tabbing}
<O kat'alogoc >arqik~wn mer~wn s'unjetwn l'exewn perilamb'anei ka`i
merik`ec ne'wterec l'exeic, <'opwc \textit{kalws-or'izw},
\textit{kan-e'ic} ka`i \textit{<olon-'en}. Prosj'esame t`ic l'exeic
a>ut`ec gi`a t`hn per'iptwsh po`u o<i k'wdikec t~wn >arqa'iwn
qrhsimopoihjo~un gi`a t`on sullabism`o keim'enwn t~hc kajare'uousac.
>`Ac shmeiwje~i <'oti <o pl'hrhc kat'alogoc >arqik~wn mer~wn s'unjetwn
l'exewn t~hc >arqa'iac <ellhnik~hc gl'wssac e>~inai pol`u meg'aloc ka`i
gi'' a>ut`o d`en d'inetai >ed~w. <'Osoi >endiaf'erontai mporo~un n`a
koit'axoun t`o sqetik`o >arqe~io po`u sunode'uei t`o >arqe~io m`e to`uc
k'wdikec sullabismo~u (bl.\nobreakspace\S5).

\section{Dokim`h t~wn kwd'ikwn sullabismo~u}

<'Opwc m`e to`uc k'wdikec sullabismo~u gi`a t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia
neoellhnik~wn keim'enwn\nobreakspace\cite{fili:eutu}, >'etsi ka`i m`e
to`uc k'wdikec sullabismo~u gi`a t`a  >arqa~ia <ellhnik`a dhmiourg'hsame
m'ia n'ea f'orma \SLE\verb|latex|\SLG. Kat'opin, m`e t`hn bo'hjeia t~hc
>entol~hc \SLE\verb|\showhyphens|\SLG, dokim'asame to`uc k'wdikec
sullabismo~u >arqa'iwn <ellhnik~wn st`on sullabism`o p'ente
diaforetik~wn keim'enwn po`u <h sunolik`h >'ektas'h touc xepern~a t`ic
<'exi sel'idec. T`a ke'imena a>ut`a e>~inai:
\begin{enumerate}
\item <Hr'odotoc, \textit{<Istor~iai}, A$'$ (I--III)
\item Xenof'wn, \textit{K'urou >anab'asewc $A'$}
(1.\textlatin{IV}.11--1.\textlatin{IV}.13)
\item Lus'iac, \textit{>Apolog'ia dwrodok'iac >apar'ashmoc} (21.1--21.6)
\item Plo'utarqoc, \textit{B'ioi} (Jemistokl~hc, II.1--II.5) 
\item Str'abwn, \textit{Gewgraf'ia} (7.1.1--7.1.5)
\end{enumerate}
Pr`oc meg'alh mac >'ekplhxh t`o \TeX\ sull'abise swst`a <'olec t`ic
l'exeic s`e <'ola t`a ke'imena. 

>Ax'izei >ak'oma n`a shmei'wsoume <'oti t`o 2o ke'imeno po`u
qrhsimopoi'hsame gi`a t`hn dokim`h t~wn kwd'ikwn sullabismo~u e>~inai
a>ut`o po`u qrhsimopo'ihse ka`i <o Qaral'ampouc gi`a t`hn dokim`h t~wn
dik~wn tou kwd'ikwn \cite{qara:tugb}. St`o Sq~hma \ref{sq-keim}
parousi'azetai t`o >'idio ke'imeno m`e <upogrammism'ena t`a shme~ia
<'opou <o sullabism`oc diaf'erei >ap`o >eke~inon to~u Qaral'ampouc
\cite{qara:tugb}.

\begin{figure}[tbh]
\small\def\mystrut{\vphantom{g}}
\begin{quote}
\underline{\mystrut >En-te~u-jen} ({\em >Ente~u-jen}) >ex-e-la'u-nei
\underline{\mystrut sta-jmo`uc} ({\em staj-mo`uc}) tre~ic
pa-ra-s'ag-gac pen-te-ka'i-de-ka pa-r`a t`on E>u-fr'a-thn po-ta-m'on,
>'on-ta t`o e>~u-roc tet-t'a-rwn sta-d'i-wn; ka`i p'o-lic a>u-t'o-ji
>w|-ke~i-to me-g'a-lh ka`i e>u-da'i-mwn J'a-ya-koc >'o-no-ma.
\underline{\mystrut >En-ta~u-ja} ({\em >Enta~u-ja}) >'e-mei-nen
<h-m'e-rac p'en-te. Ka`i K~u-roc me-ta-pem-y'a-me-noc to`uc
\underline{\mystrut stra-th-go`uc} ({\em strat-h-go`uc}) t~wn
<El-l'h-nwn >'e-le-gen <'o-ti <h <o-d`oc >'e-soi-to pr`oc ba-si-l'e-an
m'e-gan e>ic Ba-bu-l~w-na; ka`i ke-le'u-ei a>u-to`uc l'e-gein ta~u-ta
to~ic stra-ti-'w-taic ka`i >a-na-pe'i-jein <'e-pe-sjai. O<i d`e
poi-'h-san-tec >ek-klh-s'i-an \underline{\mystrut
>a-p'hg-ge-lon} ({\em >ap-'hg-ge-lon}) ta~u-ta; o<i d`e
stra-ti-~w-tai >e-qa-l'e-pai-non to~ic \underline{\mystrut
stra-th-go~ic} ({\em strat-h-go~ic}), ka`i >'e-fa-san a>u-to`uc
p'a-lai ta~ut'' e>i-d'o-tac kr'u-ptein, ka`i o>uk >'e-fa-san >i-'e-nai,
>e-`an m'h tic a>u-to~ic qr'h-ma-ta di-d~w|, \underline{\mystrut
<'ws-per} ({\em <'w-sper}) to~ic pro-t'e-roic me-t`a K'u-rou
>a-na-b~a-si [pa-r`a t`on pa-t'e-ra to~u K'u-rou], ka`i ta~u-ta o>uk
>e-p`i m'a-qhn >i-'on-twn, >al-l`a ka-lo~un-toc to~u pa-tr`oc K~u-ron.
Ta~u-ta o<i \underline{\mystrut stra-th-go`i} ({\em strat-hgo`i})
K'u-rw| \underline{\mystrut >a-p'hg-ge-lon} ({\em >ap-'hg-ge-lon}).
<O d'' \underline{\mystrut <u-p'e-sqe-to} ({\em <up-'e-sqe-to})
>an-dr`i <e-k'a-stw| d'w-sein p'en-te >ar-gu-r'i-ou mn~ac, >e-p`an e>ic
Ba-bu-l~w-na <'h-kw-si, ka`i t`on mi-sj`on >en-te-l~h m'e-qri >`an
ka-ta-st'h-sh| to`uc <'El-lh-nac e>ic >I-w-n'i-an p'a-lin. T`o m`en d`h
po-l`u to~u <El-lh-ni-ko~u o<'u-twc >e-pe'i-sjh.
\end{quote} 
\caption{T`o 2o ke'imeno po`u qrhsimopoi'hjhke kat`a t`hn dokim`h t~wn
kwd'ikwn sullabismo~u. O<i <upogrammism'enec l'exeic e>~inai >'eqoun
sullabisje~i diaforetik`a m`e to`uc k'wdikec to~u Qaral'ampouc
\cite{qara:tugb}. <O sullabism`oc s'umfwna m`e to`uc k'wdikec to~u
Qaral'ampouc d'inetai >ent`oc parenj'esewn.}
\label{sq-keim} 
\end{figure}


\section{Pijan`a l'ajh sullabismo~u}

T`a periss'otera >anamen'omena l'ajh sullabismo~u sqet'izontai sqed`on
>apokleistik`a m`e t`on sullabism`o s'unjetwn l'exewn. >'Iswc meriko`i
n`a >apogohteujo~un po`u <o \textit{strathg`oc} sullab'izetai <wc
\textit{stra-th-g`oc} ka`i >'oqi <wc \textit{strat-h-g'oc}. <'Omwc, <'opwc
>anaf'erame ka`i st`hn E>isagwg'h, o<i diko'i mac k'wdikec sullabismo~u
t~wn >arqa'iwn <ellhnik~wn gr'afhkan m`e b'ash t`ic <odhg'iec t~hc
>Akadhm'iac >Ajhn~wn ka`i >'oqi m`e b'ash t`o \SLE\textit{Chicago Manual
of Style} \cite{qara:tugb}\SLG. 

<'Ena >'allo sqetik`o pr'oblhma >'eqei n`a k'anei m`e t`hn >amfishm'ia 
<orism'enwn <omoi'ograptwn l'exewn. Gi`a par'adeigma, >alli~wc
sullab'izetai t`o >ep'ijeto <o/<h \textit{>'an-o-doc} (\textit{a} ster.\
+ \textit{<od'oc}, dhlad`h \textit{>'abatoc}) ka`i >alli~wc t`o
o>usiastik`o <h \textit{>'a-no-doc} (\textit{>'anw} + \textit{<od'oc},
dhlad`h \textit{pore'ia pr`oc t`a >ep'anw}); >alli`wc sullab'izetai <h
\textit{pros-kop'h} (\textit{pr`oc} + \textit{k'opoc}, dhlad`h
\textit{pr'oskomma}, \textit{>emp'odio}) ka`i >alli~wc <h
\textit{pro-skop'h} (\textit{pr`o} + \textit{skop'ew}, dhlad`h
\textit{prokat'opteush}, \textit{pr'obleyh}). T`o \TeX\ d`en mpore~i n`a
katal'abei t'etoiec lept`ec diafor'ec, >afo~u k'anei m'ono
stoiqeiojes'ia ka`i >'oqi >an'alush to~u keim'enou. 

St`hn po'ihsh, <orism'enec l'exeic parousi'azoun sun'izhsh fwnh'entwn
>`h difj'oggwn, dhlad`h d'uo suneq'omena fwn'henta >`h <'ena fwn~hen
ka`i <'enan d'ifjoggo  po`u prof'erontai s`an m'ia sullab'h, p.q.,
\textit{qru-sv\rotatebox{270}{\rm\kern.5ex)}\llap{'ew|}}. T`a fwn'henta
po`u >'eqoun p'ajei sun'izhsh j`a sullabisjo~un lanjasm'ena <wc d'uo
qwrist`ec sullab'ec, p.q., \textit{qru-s'e-w|}. >Epipl'eon, st`hn
lurik`h po'ihsh sunanto~ume span'iwc l'exeic po`u peri'eqoun t`o
\ddigamma; a>ut`ec o<i l'exeic d`en j`a sullabisjo~un kaj'olou. K'ati
t'etoio j`a >~htan dunat`o m'ono >e`an t`o \ddigamma\ e>~iqe
kwdikopoihje~i <wc <'enac sugkekrim'enoc qarakt'hrac, p.q.\ st`hn j'esh
to~u \SLE\verb|v|\SLG\ <'opwc pr'oteine k'apote <o Qaral'ampouc
\cite{qara:tugb:1}.

>'Iswc >ak'oma n`a parousiasjo~un probl'hmata st`on sullabism'o,
>epeid`h <o kat'alogoc >arqik~wn mer~wn s'unjetwn l'exewn, par'' <'oti
>ektetam'enoc, d`en mpore~i n`a e>~inai pl'hrhc. Parap'anw, >anaf'erjhke
<'oti st`on kat'alogo t~wn >arqik~wn mer~wn s'unjetwn l'exewn >'eqoume
prosj'esei ka`i <orism'ena rizik`a  ne'wterwn l'exewn, >'etsi <'wste n`a
mpore~i k'apoioc n`a qrhsimopo'ihsei to`uc >'idiouc k'wdikec ka`i gi`a
t`hn stoiqeiojes'ia keim'enwn t~hc kajare'uousac. <Wst'oso t`a rizik`a
po`u prosj'esame gi`a t`hn kajare'uousa e>~inai pol`u l'iga ka`i gi''
a>ut`o >'iswc n`a parousiasjo~un k'apoia l'ajh st`on sullabism`o
ne'wterwn s'unjetwn l'exewn. 

>Anamfisb'hthta <h polumorf'ia t~hc <ellhnik~hc gl'wssac mpore~i n`a
prokal'esei sobar`a probl'hmata sullabismo~u. Fantasje~ite <'oti
j'eloume n`a stoiqeiojet'hsoume k'apoio papadiamantik`o ke'imeno.
Poio'uc k'wdikec sullabismo~u j`a pr'epei n`a qrhsimopoi'hsoume, >ef''
<'oson <o Papadiam'anthc >'egrafe t`a ke'imen'a tou st`hn kajare'uousa,
>all`a gi`a to`uc dial'ogouc qrhsimopoio~use dhmotik'h?

Kle'inontac j`a pr'epei n`a po~ume <'oti o<i par'ontec k'wdikec
sullabismo~u >'eqoun grafe~i s'umfwna m`e t`hn kwdikopo'ihsh t~wn
<ellhnik~wn to~u \TeX\ kat`a \textlatin{Levy} \cite{levy:tugb} ka`i
qrhsime'uoun gi`a stoiqeiojes'ia m`e t`o \textlatin{\sc GreeK\-\TeX}
to~u Druller'akh \cite{drul:gree} >`h m`e t`hn <ellhnik`h >epilog`h to~u
\SLE\textsf{babel}\SLG\nobreakspace\cite{becc:tugb,braa:babe}. O<i
k'wdikec >'iswc qrhsime'usoun ka`i gi`a >'alla pak'eta stoiqeiojes'iac
<ellhnik~wn keim'enwn, <'opwc t`o \SLE\verb|ibycus|\SLG\
\cite{mack:ibyg} ka`i t`o \SLE\verb|greektex|\SLG\ to~u Mosqob'akh
\cite{mosq:gehy}, >all`a s`e mi`a t'etoia per'iptwsh j`a qreiaste~i n`a
g'inoun <orism'enec >allag'ec. T'eloc, e>uelpisto~ume <'oti m'ia <hm'era
o<i k'wdikec sullabismo~u t~wn >arqa'iwn <ellhnik~wn j`a bro~un t`on
dr'omo touc >ak'oma ka`i  m'esa st`o pr'ogramma \textit{>Wm'ega}.


\section{Po~u j`a bre~ite to`uc n'eouc k'wdikec sullabismo~u}

O<i k'wdikec sullabismo~u t~wn >arqa'iwn <ellhnik~wn peri'eqontai s`e
<'ena >arqe~io m`e t`o >'onoma \textlatin{\texttt{GRAhyph?.tex}}, <'opou
\textlatin{\texttt{?}} e>~inai <o >arijm`oc t~hc tr'eqousac >'ekdos'hc
tou\nobreakspace(2). Maz`i m`e t`o >arqe~io t~wn kwd'ikwn j`a bre~ite
ka`i <'ena >arqe~io \LaTeX\ m`e t`o >'onoma \SLE\verb|compound.ltx|\SLG\
po`u parousi'azei <'olec t`ic s'unjetec l'exeic po`u >apaito~un
>idia'iterh prosoq`h st`on sullabism'o. 

T`o >arqe~io m`e to`uc k'wdikec mpore~ite n`a t`o l'abete m`e
\textlatin{\texttt{ftp}} >ap`o t`on kat'alogo
\textlatin{\texttt{pub\slash TeX\slash greek\slash hyphen}} st`on k'ombo
to~u $*\epsilon\varphi\tau*$  (\textlatin{\texttt{obelix\BPT ee\BPT
duth\BPT gr}}). J`a t`o bre~ite >ep'ishc sto`uc >ant'istoiqouc
katal'ogouc to~u \textlatin{CTAN}.

\section*{E>uqarist'iec}

<O suggraf'eac j`a >'hjele n`a e>uqarist'hsei t`on k.\ Sp'uro
Kwnstant~ato, l'ektora Klasik~wn Spoud~wn st`o Panepist'hmio
\textlatin{McGill} to~u Kanad~a, gi`a <orism'enec parathr'hseic tou ka`i
gi`a t`hn prosfor`a t~wn lexik~wn t~hc biblioj'hkhc tou. 

  
\begin{thebibliography}{123}

\bibitem{fili:eutu} D. >A. Fil'ippou (2000), ((Beltiwm'enoi k'wdikec
sullabismo~u polutonik~wn ka`i monotonik~wn neoellhnik~wn keim'enwn 
gi`a t`o \TeX\ ka`i t`o \LaTeX)), \textit{T`o E>utupon}, no.\ 4, sel.\
1--16.

\bibitem{smyt:gree}  \textlatin{H. W. Smyth (1984), \textit{Greek
Grammar}, revised by G. M. Messing. Harvard University Press, Boston,
USA, \S138--141.}

\bibitem{good:gree} \textlatin{W. W. Goodwin (1892), \textit{A Greek
Grammar}. Ginn and Company, Boston, USA, pp.\ 24--25}.  \\[.5ex] 
{\small Ne'wterh >epan'ekdosh to~u >'idiou bibl'iou [\textlatin{W. W.
Goodwin (1988), \textit{A Greek Grammar}, revised by C. B. Gulick.
Orpheus Publishing Inc., New Rochelle, New York, USA, pp.\ 26--27}]
peri'eqei l'ajh sto`uc kan'onec sullabismo~u t~wn >arqa'iwn
<ellhnik~wn.\par}
 
\bibitem{kall:prak} I. Kallitsoun'akhc (1939), ((>Orjografik`on
di'agramma t~hc >Akadhm'iac >Ajhn~wn)). \textit{Praktik`a >Akadhm'iac
>Ajhn~wn}, t'omoc id$'$. \\[.5ex]
{\small St`o >'arjro a>ut`o g'inetai >anafor`a >ap`o t`on Qaral'ampouc
\cite{qara:tugb}.\par}

\bibitem{oiko:gram} M. Q. O>ikon'omou (1987), \textit{Grammatik`h t~hc
>Arqa'iac <Ellhnik~hc}, e$'$ >'ekd. >Organism`oc >Ekd'osewc Didaktik~wn
Bibl'iwn, >Aj'hna, \S30--34.

\bibitem{qara:tugb} \textlatin{Y. Haralambous (1992), ``Hyphenation
patterns for ancient Greek and Latin.'' \textit{TUGboat}
\textbf{13}, 457--469}.

\bibitem{lidd:lexi} \SLE H. G. Liddell \textgreek{ka`i} R. Scott (1968),
\textit{A Greek-English Lexicon}, revised by H. S. James and R.
McKenzie. Oxford University Press, Claredon Press, Oxford, UK.\SLG

\bibitem{stam:lexi} I. Dr.\ Stamat'akoc (1972), \textit{Lexik`on t~hc
>arqa'iac <ellhnik~hc gl'wsshc}. >Ekdotik`oc >Organism`oc ((<O Fo'inix))
EPE, Aj'hna. 

\bibitem{qara:tugb:1} \textlatin{Y. Haralambous (1991), ``On \TeX\ and
Greek\dots{}'' \textit{TUGboat} \textbf{12}, 224--226}.

\bibitem{levy:tugb} \textlatin{S. Levy (1988), ``Using Greek fonts with
\TeX.'' \textit{TUGboat} \textbf{9}, 20-24}.

\bibitem{drul:gree} K. I. Druller'akhc (1994),
\textlatin{\textsc{GreeK\TeX}, vers.\ 4.0$\alpha$.
\texttt{ftp:\slash\slash laotzu\BPT doc\BPT ic\BPT ac\BPT uk\slash %
pub\slash tex}}.

\bibitem{becc:tugb} \textlatin{C. Beccari} ka`i \textlatin{A. Syropoulos
(1998), ``New Greek fonts and the \texttt{greek} option of the 
\textsf{babel} package.'' \textit{TUGboat} \textbf{19}, 419--425}.

\bibitem{braa:babe} \textlatin{J. Braams (1998), \textsf{babel}, vers.\
3.6. CTAN: \texttt{tex-archive\slash macros\slash latex\slash
required\slash babel}}.

\bibitem{mack:ibyg} \textlatin{P. A. MacKay (1995),
\texttt{ibygrk}. CTAN:
\texttt{tex-archive\slash language\slash greek\slash ibygrk}}.

\bibitem{mosq:gehy} G. Mosqob'akhc (1994),
\textlatin{\texttt{greektex}}. \textlatin{CTAN:
\texttt{tex-archive\slash language\slash greek\slash greektex}}.


\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}

