% file: modern.ltx
% Nov 14, 2000
% author: Dimitrios Filippou
%
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[english,polutonikogreek]{babel}

\def\SLE{\selectlanguage{english}}
\def\SLG{\selectlanguage{polutonikogreek}}
\def\NMN{\nobreak\medskip\nobreak}
\def\BPT{.\penalty \exhyphenpenalty}


\title{\catcode`\~=12
Beltiwm'enoi k'wdikec sullabismo~u polutonik~wn ka`i monotonik~wn
neoellhnik~wn keim'enwn 
gi`a t`o \TeX\ ka`i t`o \LaTeX}

\author{Dhm'htrioc >A. Fil'ippou \\
{\sl K'atw Gatz'ea} \\
{\sl 385 00 B'oloc}
}

\date{14 Noembr'iou 2000}

\begin{document}
\maketitle
\frenchspacing
\renewcommand{\figurename}{Sq~hma}



\setbox0\hbox{\sl m`h bar~ate, po`u t'olmhsa ka`i mp~hka}
\begin{flushright}
\begin{minipage}[t]{\wd0}
\textsl{Kalo'i mou fil'ologoi, \\[.25\baselineskip]
m`h bar~ate, po`u t'olmhsa ka`i mp~hka \\
st'' >ampeloq'wraf'a sac!} \\[.25\baselineskip]
\null\hfill >'Enoqoc >ex >amele'iac
\end{minipage}
\end{flushright}

\SLE\begin{abstract}
Existing \TeX\ hyphenation patterns for typesetting modern Greek texts
do not take into accound the grammatical differences between the old
polytonic (multi-accent) writing system and the new monotonic
(uni-accent) writing system. Also, those patterns have been found to
contain several hyphenation mistakes. To correct this, new hyphenation
patterns were written from scratch based on the rules of the Greek
grammar. This paper describes the logic behind the new hyphenation
patterns and the inherent difficulties in automatic hyphenation of Greek
texts. The new hyphenation patterns, which can be used with the
\verb|greek| option of \textsf{babel} or Dryllerakis'
\textsc{GreeK\TeX}, are available for free from CTAN.
\end{abstract}\SLG


\section{E>isagwg`h}

<'Osoi stoiqeiojeto~un <ellhnik`a ke'imena m`e t`o \TeX\ >`h t`o \LaTeX,
>'iswc do~un t`hn l'exh \textit{pukn'othta\/} komm'enh metax`u to~u
k'appa ka`i to~u n~u, dhl.\ <wc \textit{puk-n'o-th-ta}. >'Iswc >ep'ishc
n`a >ekplago~un bl'epontac t`hn l'exh \textit{>isjm`oc\/} komm'enh
metax`u to~u deut'erou ka`i to~u tr'itou sumf'wnou <wc
\textit{>isj-m'oc}. S'umfwna m`e to`uc kan'onec t~hc <ellhnik~hc
grammatik~hc, <h pr'wth l'exh sullab'izetai <wc \textit{pu-kn'o-th-ta},
giat`i <up'arqei l'exh <ellhnik`h po`u n`a >arq'izei >ap`o k'appa-n~u,
p.q., \textit{kn'hmh}. <'Oso gi`a t`hn de'uterh l'exh, <o swst`oc
sullabism'oc thc e>~inai \textit{>i-sjm'oc}, >epeid`h <'ena s'umplegma
tri~wn >`h perissot'erwn sumf'wnwn d`en diasp~atai >e`an <up'arqei l'exh
<ellhnik`h po`u n`a >arq'izei >'estw >ap`o t`a d'uo pr~wta s'umfwna to~u
sumpl'egmatoc, p.q., \textit{sj'enoc}.

St`o \textlatin{Internet} br'iskoume t'essera >arqe~ia m`e k'wdikec
(\textlatin{patterns}) gi`a t`on sullabism`o <ellhnik~wn keim'enwn m`e
t`o \TeX: t`o \textlatin{\texttt{rgrhyph.tex}} to~u G. Qaral'ampouc
\cite{qara:rgr}, t`o \textlatin{\texttt{grkhyphen.tex}} to~u K.
Druller'akh \cite{drul:gree}, t`o \textlatin{\texttt{gehyphen.tex}} to~u
G. Mosqob'akh \cite{mosq:gehy} ka`i t`o \textlatin{\texttt{grhyph.tex}}
to~u \textlatin{C. Beccari} \cite{becc:grhy}.  Parak'atw d`en j`a
>asqolhjo~ume m`e t`o >arqe~io to~u Druller'akh \cite{drul:gree}, >ef''
<'oson a>ut`o d`en >apotele~i t'ipota >'allo >ap`o m'ia periorism'enh
>'ekdosh to~u \textlatin{\texttt{rgrhyph.tex}} (s`e k'apoia gramm`h to~u
>arqe'iou a>uto~u paremb'alletai <h >entol`h \SLE\verb|\endinput|\SLG\
ka`i <'ena sq'olio <'oti t`o \TeX\ parousi'azei pr'oblhma mn'hmhc).
>Ep'ishc d`en j`a >asqolhjo~ume m`e t`o >arqe~io kwd'ikwn sullabismo~u
to~u Mosqob'akh \cite{mosq:gehy}, >epeid`h o<i k'wdikec a>uto`i e>~inai
pol`u periorism'enoi ka`i >epeid`h t`o <'olo pak'eto
\textlatin{\texttt{greektex}} to~u >'idiou suggraf'ea e>~inai ftiagm'eno
kur'iwc gi`a t`o leitourgik`o s'usthma \textlatin{DOS}, po`u t'wra pi`a
e>~inai xeperasm'eno.

>Ekt`oc >ap`o t`a parade'igmata po'u proanaf'erame, o<i k'wdikec
sullabismo~u <ellhnik~wn <'olwn a>ut~wn t~wn >arqe'iwn parousi'azoun
poll`a >'alla l'ajh ka`i >elle'iyeic. O<i k'wdikec
to~u \textlatin{Beccari} \cite{becc:grhy} qwr'izoun lanjasm'ena
<orism'ena sumpl'egmata >ek t~wn <opo'iwn >arq'izoun >arqa~iec
<ellhnik`ec l'exeic \textit{dm} (\textit{dm'wc} = do~uloc), \textit{dn}
(\textit{dnofer'oc} = zofer'oc >`h skotein'oc), \textit{tl}
(\textit{tlhmws'unh} = ft'wqia >`h miz'eria).
%%%
%%% ... >all`a ka`i sumpl'egmata >ek t~wn <opo~iwn >arq'izoun l'exeic
%%% neoellhnik`ec <'opwc \textit{kb} (\textit{kb'anto}), \textit{sd}
%%% (\textit{sde'ugla}), \textit{sn} (\textit{snompism'oc}) ka`i 
%%% \textit{fk} (\textit{fki'aqnw}).\marginpar{\textsl{D`en e>~imai
%%% s'igouroc >e`an a>ut`a po`u gr'afw >ed~w e>~inai swst'a!}}
%%% 
O<i >'idioi k'wdikec d`en >epitr'epoun t`on qwrism`o >arqik~wn
fwnh'entwn. T'eloc, d`en lamb'anetai kam'ia m'erimna gi`a sumpl'egmata
tri~wn >`h perissot'erwn sumf'wnwn.

Paromo'iwc, sto`uc k'wdikec to~u Qaral'ampouc \cite{qara:rgr} d`en
perilamb'anetai kan'ena s'umplegma tri~wn >`h perissot'erwn sumf'wnwn,
m`e monadik`h >exa'iresh t`o \textit{sjm}, t`o <opo~io parousi'azetai
>orj~wc <wc >adi'aspasto. T`a rinik`a sumpl'egmata \textit{gk},
\textit{mp} ka`i \textit{nt} parousi'azontai <wc >adi'aspasta, k'ati
po`u d`en >isq'uei st`hn grammatik`h to~u polutoniko~u \cite{tria:mikr}.
Sto`uc k'wdikec to~u Qaral'ampouc br'iskoume >ak'oma t`on lanjasm'eno
qwrism`o to~u sumpl'egmatoc \textit{tm} (\textit{tm~hma}) ka`i t`hn
par'ajesh pl'hjouc kwd'ikwn gi`a t`hn >apag'oreush (qwr`ic >emfan`h
l'ogo) to~u sullabismo~u t~wn d'uo teleuta'iwn gramm'atwn k'aje l'exhc.

Gi`a n`a diorjwje~i <h kat'astash a>ut'h, o<i k'wdikec sullabismo~u
<ellhnik~wn gi`a t`o \TeX\ kat`a t`hn tupopo'ihsh \textlatin{7-bit} to~u
\textlatin{Levy} \cite{levy:tugb} >'eprepe n`a xanagrafo~un. (O<i
>el'aqistec diafor`ec metax`u t~wn kwdikopoi'hsewn t~wn <ellhnik~wn
qarakt'hrwn kat`a Qaral'ampouc \cite{qara:rgr}, Druller'akh
\cite{drul:gree} >`h kat`a t`hn <ellhnik`h >epilog`h t~hc
\textlatin{\textsf{babel}} \cite{becc:tugb} d`en >ephre'azoun to`uc
k'wdikec sullabismo~u.) Parak'atw, j`a do~ume p~wc sullab'izei t`o \TeX,
p~wc sqedi'asjhkan o<i n'eoi k'wdikec sullabismo~u t~wn neoellhnik~wn
(m`e t`ic >idiaiter'othtec to~u monotoniko~u ka`i to~u polutoniko~u),
kaj`wc ka`i <'ena pe'irama po`u >apodeikn'uei t`hn >anwter'othta t~wn
n'ewn kwd'ikwn.  

\section{P~wc sullab'izei t`o \TeX}

<O tr'opoc m`e t`on <opo~io sullab'izei t`o \TeX\ <'ena <opoiod'hpote
ke'imeno perigr'afetai st`o \textlatin{\textit{\TeX{}book}}
\cite{knoo:texb}. <O Qaral'ampouc \cite{qara:tugb} <wst'oso >exhge~i
kal'utera t`on >alg'orijmo sullabismo~u to~u \TeX:

\begin{quote}
((<Otan t`o \TeX\ dhmiourge~i m'ia f'orma <'opwc t`hn
\textlatin{\texttt{plain}} >`h t`hn \textlatin{\texttt{latex}},
diab'azei <orism'enec plhrofor'iec >ap`o t`o >arqe~io
\textlatin{\texttt{hyphen.tex}} (>`h >ap`o t`o
\textlatin{\texttt{UShyphen.tex}}, t`o 
\textlatin{\texttt{FRhyphen.tex}}, k.>'a.<'o.), t`o <opo~io
peri'eqei to`uc \textit{k'wdikec sullabismo~u} m'iac sugkekrim'enhc
gl'wssac. O<i k'wdikec a>uto`i e>~inai seir`ec gramm'atwn po`u
qwr'izontai >ap`o >arijmo'uc, <'opwc \textlatin{\texttt{x1y2z}}. <H
>arq`h e>~inai <h >ak'oloujh:
\begin{itemize}

\item >E`an t`o s'unolo t~wn kwd'ikwn e>~inai ken'o, t'ote <o
sullabism`oc d`en >epitr'epetai.

\item >E`an <up'arqei <o k'wdikac \textlatin{\texttt{x1y}}, t'ote
>epitr'epetai <o qwrism`oc t~wn \textlatin{\textit{x-y}} s`e <'olec
t`ic l'exeic po`u peri'eqoun t`o s'umplegma \textlatin{\textit{xy}}.
>E`an <o k'wdikac >'eqei t`hn morf`h \textlatin{\texttt{x1yzw}},
t'ote >epitr'epetai <o qwrism`oc t~wn \textlatin{\textit{x-y}} m'ono
st`hn per'iptwsh >eke'inh <'opou met`a t`o \textlatin{\textit{xy}}
>akolouje~i t`o s'umplegma \textlatin{\textit{zw}}.

\item >E`an <up'arqei <o k'wdikac \textlatin{\texttt{x1y}} ka`i <o
k'wdikac \textlatin{\texttt{x2yabc}}, t'ote t`o s'umplegma
\textlatin{\texttt{xy}} qwr'izetai p'antote, >ekt`oc >ap`o t`hn
per'iptwsh <'opou met`a t`o \textlatin{\textit{xy}} >akolouje~i t`o
s'umplegma \textlatin{\textit{abc}}. M`e >'alla l'ogia, <o >arijm`oc
\textlatin{\texttt{2}} de'iqnei m'ia >exa'iresh st`on kan'ona
``\textit{t`o \textlatin{\textit{x}} qwr'izetai >ap`o
t`o\nobreakspace\textlatin{\textit{y}}}''.

\item T`o >'idio >isq'uei m`e megal'uterouc >arijmo'uc: <o >arijm`oc
\textlatin{\texttt{3}} de'iqnei m'ia >exa'iresh s`e k'wdikec
sullabismo~u m`e >arijm`o \textlatin{\texttt{2}}, k.o.k. [\dots]

\item M'ia tele'ia >empr'oc (>`h met'a) >ap`o <'enan k'wdika
de'iqnei <'oti <o k'wdikac a>ut`oc >isq'uei st`hn >arq'h (>`h st`o
t'eloc) m'iac l'exhc. Kat`a t`on tr'opo a>ut'o, <o k'wdikac
\textlatin{\texttt{.xy2z.}}\ >isq'uei \textit{m'ono} st`hn
per'iptwsh t~hc l'exhc ``\textlatin{xyz}''.))   
 
\end{itemize}
\end{quote}

>`Ac <upoj'esoume loip`on <'oti >'eqoume >'eqoume m'ia seir`a >ap`o
k'wdikec gi`a t`on sullabism`o <ellhnik~wn prosarmosm'enouc st`hn
tupopo'ihsh \textlatin{7-bit} kat`a \textlatin{Levy}
\cite{levy:tugb} (t`o p~wc dhmiourgo~ume >auto`uc to`uc k'wdikec,
j`a t`o >exhg'hsoume parak'atw):
\SLE
\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
a1
e1
...
2l1l
...
\end{verbatim}\end{quote}
\SLG
ka`i >`ac <upoj'esoume >epipl'eon <'oti j'eloume n`a
stoiqeiojet'hsoume <'ena ke'imeno <ellhnik`o po`u peri'eqei t`hn
l'exh \textit{>all'a}.

>Arqik~wc, m`e to`uc k'wdikec, <etoim'azoume m'ia kat'allhlh f'orma,
p.q., t`hn f'orma \textlatin{\texttt{mygreek.fmt}}. Kat'opin, <etoim'azoume
t`o >arqe~io m`e t`o ke'imeno po`u j'eloume n`a stoiqeiojet'hsoume,
p.q., \textlatin{\texttt{mytext.tex}}.
 
>Epeid`h st`hn <ellhnik`h tupograf'ia >epitr'epetai <h >egkat'alhyh
<en`oc ka`i m'onou qarakt'hra st`o dexi`o >`h st`o >arister`o >'akro
t~hc >ar'adac, st`o >arqe~io \textlatin{\texttt{mytext.tex}}, pr~wta
>epil'egoume t`hn gl'wssa >ergas'iac
\SLE
\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
\selectlanguage{greek}
\end{verbatim}\end{quote}
\SLG
ka`i kat'opin <or'izoume: 
\SLE
\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
\righthyphenmin=1
\lefthyphenmin=1
\end{verbatim}\end{quote}
\SLG
Met`a >akolouje~i t`o ke'imeno 
\SLE
\begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
...
>all'a
...
\end{verbatim}\end{quote}
\SLG

Tr'eqoume kat'opin t`o >arqe~io \textlatin{\texttt{mytext.tex}} m`e
t`o \TeX:
\begin{center}
\textlatin{\texttt{tex \char'046mygreek.fmt mytext.tex}}
\end{center}
<'Otan t`o \TeX\ sunant'hsei t`hn l'exh \textit{>all'a}
(\textlatin{\texttt{>all'a}}), m`e b'ash t`on k'wdika
\textlatin{\texttt{a1}} >apofas'izei n`a t`hn k'oyei metax`u to~u
\textit{>a} ka`i to~u pr'wtou \textit{l}. <'Omwc <o k'wdikac
\textlatin{\texttt{2l1l}} >empod'izei t`o k'oyimo pr`in >ap`o d'uo
l'ambda. >Ef'' <'oson t`o \texttt{2} e>~inai megal'utero to~u
\texttt{1}, <o de'uteroc k'wdikac-kan'onac <uperisq'uei ka`i t`o
\TeX\ e>~inai telik~wc >anagkasm'eno n`a sullab'isei t`hn l'exh <wc
\textit{>al-l'a}, po`u e>~inai ka`i grammatik~wc <orj'o. 

\section{<H dhmiourg'ia beltiwm'enwn kwd'ikwn sullabismo~u gi`a
t`a n'ea <ellhnik'a}

<H dhmiourg'ia kwd'ikwn sullabismo~u e>~inai m'ia >ep'iponh
prosp'ajeia. K'aje gl'wssa >'eqei t`ic >idiaiter'otht'ec thc.
>Epipl'eon, diafor`ec st`on tr'opo sullabismo~u parousi'azontai ka`i
metax`u diaforetik~wn dial'ektwn t~hc >'idiac gl'wssac. T`o pl'eon
gnwst`o par'adeigma e>~inai <h >agglik`h gl'wssa, l'exeic t~hc
<opo'iac sullab'izontai kat`a <'enan tr'opo s'umfwna m`e t`hn
bretanik`h grammatik'h ka`i kat`a >'allo tr'opo s'umfwna m`e t`hn
>amerikanik`h grammatik'h. St`hn per'iptwsh t~hc <ellhnik~hc
gl'wssac, o<i kan'onec sullabismo~u diaf'eroun >anal'ogwc m`e t`o
>e`an pr'okeitai gi`a 
\begin{itemize}
\item[---] >arqa~ia <ellhnik'a >`h kajare'uousa \cite{oiko:gram}, 
\item[---] n'ea <ellhnik`a st`o polutonik`o s'usthma to~u
Triantafull'idh \cite{tria:mikr}, >`h 
\item[---] n'ea <ellhnik`a st`o periorism'eno polutonik`o s'usthma
t~hc peri'odou 1976--1981 \cite{oedb:neoe79} >`h st`o s'ugqrono
monotonik`o s'usthma \cite{oedb:neoe85}.
\end{itemize}

M'ia l'ush gi`a t`hn dhmiourg'ia kwd'ikwn sullabismo~u e>~inai m`e
t`hn qr'hsh to~u progr'ammatoc \textlatin{\texttt{PATGEN}}
\cite{lian:patg}, po`u <'omwc >apaite~i t`hn trofodos'ia <en`oc
<olokl'hrou lexiko~u s`e >hlektronik`h morf`h prokeim'enou n`a
d'wsei swsto`uc k'wdikec m`e <'olec t`ic pijan`ec >exair'eseic. M'ia
>'allh l'ush lig'wtero qronob'ora (>'ara pi`o praktik'h) e>~inai <h
((>ex'etash t~wn kruf~wn mhqanism~wn sullabismo~u ka`i <h suggraf`h
kwd'ikwn po`u >antistoiqo~un st`a >analutik`a b'hmata [t~wn
grammatik~wn kan'onwn] sullabismo~u)) \cite{qara:tugb}. T`hn l'ush
a>ut'h, po`u >ep'elexan <'oloi <'osoi sun'etaxan k'wdikec
sullabismo~u <ellhnik~wn gi`a t`o \TeX, >akoloujo~ume >ed~w gi`a
t`hn dhmiourg'ia n'ewn beltiwm'enwn kwd'ikwn gi`a t`o pl~hrec
polutonik`o s'usthma to~u Triantafull'idh ka`i gi`a t`o s'ugqrono
monotonik`o s'usthma. T`o periorism'eno polutonik`o s'usthma t~hc
Metapol'iteushc j`a t`o >agno'hsoume mi~ac ka`i o<i kan'onec
sullabismo~u to~u sust'hmatoc a>uto~u e>~inai <'omoioi m'' a>uto`uc
to~u monotoniko~u. >'Allwste, e>~inai pi`o >'entimo na
qrhsimopoio~ume t`o polutonik`o s'usthma st`hn pl'hrh morf'h tou ka`i
>'oqi koutsourem'eno! 

O<i kan'onec sullabismo~u ka`i o<i >ant'istoiqoi k'wdikec >'eqoun
<wc >ex~hc:

\bigskip

\noindent
(a) \textit{<'Ena s'umfwno >an'amesa s`e d'uo fwn'henta sullab'izetai
m`e t`o de'utero fwn~hen}

\NMN

\noindent
M`e >'alla l'ogia, m'ia <apl`h l'exh qwr'izetai s`e sullab`ec met`a
>ap`o k'aje fwn~hen: p.q., \textit{th-le-'o-ra-sh}. O<i >ant'istoiqoi
k'wdikec e>~inai: \textlatin{\texttt{a1 e1 h1 i1 o1 u1 w1}}. Gi`a t`o
polutonik`o prosj'etoume meriko`uc >ak'oma k'wdikec gi`a t`hn >apofug`h
qwrismo~u metax`u fwn'hentoc ka`i <upodiastol~hc:
\textlatin{\texttt{a4|1 h4|1 w4|1}}.

\bigskip

\noindent
(b) \textit{T`a d'iyhfa fwn'henta d`en qwr'izontai}

\NMN

\noindent
O<i >ant'istoiqoi k'wdikec e>~inai: \textlatin{\texttt{a2i a2'i} \dots\
\texttt{u2<`i u2<~i}}. Metax`u t~wn kwd'ikwn a>ut~wn paremb'alloume
<orism'enec >exair'eseic: \textlatin{\texttt{'a3u 'e3u 'o3u 'u3i}}.

\bigskip

\noindent
(g) \textit{O<i kataqrhstiko`i d'ifjoggoi d`en qwr'izontai}

\NMN

\noindent
A>ut`o shma'inei <'oti d`en qwr'izontai sunduasmo'i fwnh'entwn po`u
prof'erontai s`e m'ia sullab'h. O<i fjoggiko`i sunduasmo`i t~wn
kataqrhstik~wn difj'oggwn e>~inai sun'hjwc t`a \textit{a-i},
\textit{e-i} ka`i \textit{o-i} po`u e>'ite e>~inai >'atona e>'ite
ton'izontai st`on pr~wto fj'oggo (p.q., \textit{>ah-d'o-ni}, 
\textit{ze"i-mp'e-khc}, \textit{>a-p'oei-da},  \textit{r'oi-di},
k.>'a.<'o.), ka`i t`a \textit{i-a}, \textit{i-e} ka`i \textit{i-o}
po`u e>'ite e>~inai >'atona e>'ite ton'izontai st`on de'utero
fj'oggo (p.q., \textit{>a-mua-li'a}, \textit{jh-li'ec},
\textit{Ma-ri'w}, k.>'a.<'o.). O<i >ant'istoiqoi k'wdikec
sullabismo~u gi`a t`o \TeX\ e>~inai: \textlatin{\texttt{a2h
a2"i} \dots\ \texttt{i2a i2'a} \dots\
\texttt{u2~w}}. Metax`u a>ut~wn t~wn kan'onwn paremb'allontai
k'apoiec >exair'eseic: \textlatin{\texttt{'a3h} \dots\
\texttt{<u3}}. <Orism'enoi sunduasmo'i fwnh'entwn >'allote
>apotelo~un kataqrhstik`o d'ifjoggo ka`i  >'allote >'oqi, <op'ote 
prof'erontai qwrist`a s`e d'uo sullab'ec: p.q., \textit{b'oh-ja}
ka`i \textit{>a-p'o-h-qoc}, \textit{poi'oc} ka`i
\textit{>h-jo-poi-'oc}. Dustuq~wc, t`o \TeX\ d`en mpore~i n`a
diakr'inei t'etoia lig'wtero >emfan`h paiqnid'ismata t~hc gl'wssac
mac. <'Omwc e>~inai protim'wtero n`a sullab'isei t`hn l'exh
\textit{kakopoi`oc} <wc tris'ullabh (\textit{ka-ko-poi`oc}) >ant`i
gi`a tetras'ullabh (\textit{ka-ko-poi-`oc}), par`a n`a sullab'isei
t`hn l'exh \textit{mi`a} <wc dis'ullabh (\textit{mi-`a}) >ant`i gi`a
monos'ullabh.  

\bigskip

\noindent
(d) \textit{T`a s'umfwna --- <apl`a ka`i d'iyhfa --- st`hn
>arq'h >`h st`o t'eloc l'exewn d`en >apotelo~un sullab'ec}

\NMN

\noindent
O<i >ant'istoiqoi k'wdikec e>~inai: \textlatin{\texttt{6b. 6g. 6gk.}
\dots\ \texttt{6y. .b6 .g6 .gk6} \dots\ \texttt{.y6}}. Sto`uc k'wdikec
a>uto'uc, prosj'etoume meriko`uc >ak'oma gi`a t`hn per'iptwsh >elleip~wn
l'exewn po`u telei'wnoun m`e >ap'ostrofo:  \textlatin{\texttt{6''
6b'' 6g''} \dots\ \texttt{6y''}}.

\bigskip

\noindent
(e) \textit{T`a dipl`a s'umfwna qwr'izontai}

\NMN

\noindent
O<i >ant'istoiqoi k'wdikec e>~inai: \textlatin{\texttt{4b1b
4g1g} \dots\ \texttt{4r1r 4>r1<r 4s1s} \dots\ \texttt{4y1y}}.

\bigskip

\noindent
(\stigma) \textit{Sunduasmo`i d'uo >`h perissot'erwn sumf'wnwn,
>ek t~wn <opo'iwn d'uo pr'wtwn d`en >arq'izei <ellhnik`h l'exh,
qwr'izontai met`a t`o pr~wto s'umfwno}\label{sumf-sumf}

\NMN

\noindent
O<i >ant'istoiqoi k'wdikec e>~inai: \textlatin{\texttt{4b1z} \dots\
\texttt{4y1q}}. Metax`u a>ut~wn t~wn kwd'ikwn, paremb'allontai k'apoioi
>'alloi gi`a t`hn >antimet'wpish <orism'enwn tripl~wn sumfwnik~wn
sunduasm~wn: 
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l l l l}
\textlatin{\texttt{4r5g2m}} & (\textit{>'er-gma})
& \textlatin{\texttt{tz2m}} & (\textit{m'ana-tzment})
\\
\textlatin{\texttt{4r5j2m}} & (\textit{por-jm'oc})
& \textlatin{\texttt{sj2m}} & (\textit{>i-sjm'oc})
\\
\textlatin{\texttt{4l5k2m}} & (\textit{>Al-km'hnh})
& \textlatin{\texttt{4g5k2f}} & (\textit{Frag-kfo'urth})
\\
\textlatin{\texttt{4n5k2f}} & (\textit{Fran-kfo'urth})
& \textlatin{\texttt{4r5k2m}} & (\textit{dar-km'a})
\\
\textlatin{\texttt{4g5x2t}} & (\textit{>e-l'eg-xte})
& \textlatin{\texttt{4r5x2t}} & (\textit{<u-p'ar-xte})
\\
\textlatin{\texttt{st2f}} & (\textit{fa-stfount'adiko}) \quad{}
& \textlatin{\texttt{4r5q2m}} & (\textit{dar-qm'a})
\\ 
\textlatin{\texttt{4m5y2t}} & (\textit{l'am-yte})
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
Sto`uc parap'anw k'wdikec gi`a t`a tripl`a s'umfwna, j`a mporo'usame n`a
prosj'esoume ka`i >'allouc gi`a t`hn >antimet'wpish kur'iwc xenik~wn
l'exewn. Gi`a par'adeigma, j`a mporo'usame n`a prosj'esoume t`on k'wdika
\textlatin{\texttt{4r5l2s}} gi`a n`a sullabisje~i t`o >'onoma
\textit{K'alrson} <wc \textit{K'ar-lson}. <'Omwc k'ati t'etoio e>~inai
>exairetik`a >ep'ipono (<up'arqoun p'ampollec xenik`ec l'exeic po`u
peri'eqoun sunduasmo`uc tripl~wn sumf'wnwn po`u d`en <up'arqoun st`hn
<ellhnik`h gl'wssa), >all`a >'iswc ka`i >'askopo (>'iswc n`a e>~inai
pi`o fusik`o n`a qwriste~i <h l'exh to~u prohgoum'enou parade'igmatoc
<wc \textit{K'arl-son}). 


\bigskip

\noindent
(z) \textit{St`hn per'iptwsh polutoniko~u keim'enou, t`a rinik`a
suml'egmata} g-k\textit{,} m-p \textit{ka`i} n-t \textit{qwr'izontai.
>Antij'etwc, t`a d'iyhfa (>'arrina)} gk\textit{,} mp \textit{ka`i} nt
\textit{d`en qwr'izontai}

\NMN

\noindent
A>ut`h e>~inai <h monadik`h ousiastik`h diafor`a metax`u to~u
polutoniko~u ka`i to~u monotoniko~u. St`o periorism'eno polutonik`o
\cite{oedb:neoe79} ka`i st`o monotonik`o \cite{oedb:neoe85}, o<i
sunduasmo`i \textit{gk}, \textit{mp} ka`i \textit{nt} d`en qwr'izontai
pot'e. 

>'Etsi, st`hn per'iptwsh to~u polutoniko~u ka`i m'ono, >'eqoume to`uc
k'wdikec \textlatin{\texttt{4g1k}, \texttt{4m1p}} ka`i
\textlatin{\texttt{4n1t}}. T`a \textit{gk}, \textit{mp} ka`i \textit{nt}
e>~inai genik~wc >'errina \cite{tria:mikr}. <Omwc, <'otan br'iskontai
met`a >ap`o >'alla s'umfwna e>~inai >'arrina: p.q., \textit{>ar-gk'o},
\textit{>'al-mpou-ro}, \textit{seb-nt'ac}. Paromo'iwc e>~inai >'arrina
s`e l'exeic xenik~hc pro'eleushc: p.q., \textit{ka-ra-gki'o-zhc} (tourk.),
\textit{>I-mpra-'hm} (>arab.), \textit{mpi-nt'ec} (gall.), k.>'a.<'o.
T`ic l'exeic xenik~hc pro'eleushc m`e t`a >'arrina \textit{gk},
\textit{mp} ka`i \textit{nt} t`ic >antimetwp'izoume <'opwc <o
Qaral'ampouc \cite{qara:tugb} >antimetwp'izei t`ic s'unjetec l'exeic
t~wn >arqa'iwn <ellhnik~wn: M`e b'ash t`o >etumologik`o lexik`o to~u
>Andri'wth \cite{andr:etum} katastr'wnoume <'enan kat'alogo >ap`o
k'wdikec po`u >antistoiqo~un st`a >arqik`a m'erh t'etoiwn l'exewn:
\begin{tabbing}
\hspace{1em} \= \hspace{15ex} \= xxxxx \kill
\> \textlatin{\texttt{.giou5g2ko}} \> giou-gkosl'aboc \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{.kara5g2ki}} \> kara-gki'ozhc \\
\> \texttt{...} \> \dots\ \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{.qa5n2tr}} \> q'antra \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{.qa5n2tr}} \> qantr~wn
\end{tabbing}

T`ic >'aklitec xenik`ec l'exeic m`e >'arrina \textit{gk}, \textit{mp}
ka`i \textit{nt}, p.q., \textit{>a-mpa-zo'ur}, \textit{t'i-gka}, k.lp.,
t`ic sugkentr'wnoume st`o s'unolo t~wn >exair'esewn
\SLE\verb|\hyphenation{...}|\SLG. <O pl'hrhc kat'alogoc a>ut~wn t~wn
xenik~wn l'exewn, klit~wn ka`i >'aklitwn, m`e >'arrina \textit{gk},
\textit{mp} ka`i \textit{nt} d'inetai st`o Par'arthma to~u >'arjrou.
E>~inai pol`u pijan`o <'oti k'apoiec l'exeic >apousi'azoun >ap`o t`on
kat'alogo. <'Omwc e>~inai pol`u e>'ukolo n`a prostejo~un s`e
mellontik`ec >ekd'oseic t~wn kwd'ikwn sullabismo~u.

Gi`a t`o monotonik'o, o<i m'onoi k'wdikec po`u prosj'etoume e>~inai
gi`a <orism'enec >emfane~ic peript'wseic >'errinwn tripl~wn
sunduasm~wn: \textlatin{\texttt{4g1kt}} (>e-le\textit{g-kt}'hc),
\textlatin{\texttt{4m1pt}} (\textit{'a-mem-ptoc}),
\textlatin{\texttt{4n1tz}} (\textit{ne-ran-tzi'a}) ka`i
\textlatin{\texttt{4n1ts}} (\textit{bio-lon-ts'e-lo}).

\bigskip

\noindent (h) \textit{Katal'hxeic dipl~wn >`h tripl~wn sumf'wnwn d`en
>apotelo~un sullab'ec}

\NMN

\noindent
Pr'okeitai gi`a <orism'enec >arqa"ik`ec katal'hxeic >`h katal'hxeic
xenik~wn l'exewn po`u >'eqoun e>is'eljei >'aklitec st`hn gl'wssa
mac, <'opwc \textit{-kl} (\textit{pi-n'akl}), \textit{-nc}
(\textit{<'el-minc}), k.>'a.<'o. O<i katal'hxeic a>ut`ec sun'hjwc
>apotelo~untai >ap`o d'uo s'umfwna, >ek t~wn <opo'iwn >'iswc
>arq'izei <ellhnik`h l'exh. S`e t'etoiec peript'wseic, s'umfwna m`e
t`on kan'ona (a) j`a e>'iqame lanjasm'enouc
sullabismo`uc <'opwc: \textit{t'a-kt}, k.lp. Gi`a n`a >apof'ugoume
t'etoia l'ajh, >el'egxame <'olec t`ic katal'hxeic t~hc N'eac
<Ellhnik~hc Gl'wssac st`o >ant'istrofo lexik`o to~u Kourmo'ulh
\cite{kour:anti} ka`i prosj'esame to`uc >ak'oloujouc k'wdikec:
\textlatin{\texttt{6br. 6kl. 6kt.} \dots\ \texttt{6tr. 6ft.}}.  

\bigskip

\noindent (j) 
\textit{Sunduasmo`i diy'hfwn sumf'wnwn qwr'izontai}

\NMN

\noindent
Pr'oketai gi`a <orism'enouc sp'aniouc sunduasmo`uc xenik~hc pro'eleushc
po`u >apotelo~untai >ap`o d'uo d'iyhfa s'umfwna <'opwc, p.q.,
\textit{mp-nt} (\textit{romp-nte-s'ampr}). Gi`a t`hn >antimet'wpish
t'etoiwn peript'wsewn, prosj'etoume to`uc k'wdikec:
\textlatin{\texttt{6g2k5m2} \dots\ \texttt{6ts5n2t}}. (O<i k'wdikec
a>uto`i diaf'eroun k'apwc st`hn per'iptwsh to~u monotoniko~u >ex
a>it'iac t~hc diaforetik~hc >antimet'wpishc t~wn rinik~wn
sumplegm'atwn.)

\section{<'Ena pe'irama}

M`e to`uc beltiwm'enouc k'wdikec sullabismo~u, dhmiourg'hsame m'ia
n'ea f'orma \textlatin{\texttt{bplain}} gi`a t`a >agglik`a ka`i t`a
<ellhnik'a (<h \textlatin{\texttt{bplain}} e>~inai m'ia f'orma s`an
t`hn \textlatin{\texttt{plain}}, m`e t`hn diafor'a <'oti >epitr'epei
t`hn sun'uparxh poll~wn glwss~wn \cite{braa:bpla}). Dhmiourg'hsame
>ep'ishc <'ena >arqe~io po`u peri'eqei t`ic parak'atw gramm'ec:
\begin{quote}
\SLE
\begin{verbatim}
\lefthyphenmin=1
\righthyphenmin=1
\language=1

\def\mygreektext{>Eke'inh t`hn P'empth...
.
.
... to~u Ma'"iou.}
\showhyphens{\mygreektext}
\vfill\eject\end
\end{verbatim}
\SLG
\end{quote}
(T`o pl~hrec ke'imeno d'inetai st`o Sq. \ref{sq-keim}.) T'eloc,
tr'exame t`o >arqe~io m`e t`o \TeX:
\begin{center}
\textlatin{\texttt{tex}} \textit{>arqe~io} \textlatin{\texttt{\char'046bplain
hy-test}}
\end{center}

>Ap`o t`o >arqe~io \textlatin{\texttt{.log}} metr'hsame t`ic
\textit{>astoq'iec} (dhl., j'eseic st`ic <opo~iec t`o \TeX\ d`en
>'ebale <enwtik'o) ka`i t`a \textit{sf'almata} (dhl., j'eseic st`ic
<opo~iec t`o \TeX\ >'ebale kat`a l'ajoc <enwtik'o). Kat'opin,
>epanal'abame t`o >'idio pe'irama m`e to`uc k'wdikec sullabismo~u
to~u Qaral'ampouc \cite{qara:rgr} ka`i to~u \textlatin{Beccari}
\cite{becc:grhy}. T`a >apotel'esmata, po`u parousi'azontai st`on
P'inaka \ref{pin-apot}, de'iqnoun saf~wc t`hn >anwter'othta t~wn
n'ewn kwd'ikwn. O<i n'eoi k'wdikec d`en parous'iasan kan'ena
sf'alma. O<i >el'aqistec >astoq'iec (3\%) po`u parous'iasan o<i
n'eoi k'wdikec >ofe'ilontai >apokleistik~wc ka`i m'ono s`e
<orism'enouc sunduasmo`uc fwnh'entwn po`u >eklamb'anontai <wc
kataqrhstiko`i d'ifjoggoi, >en`w st`hn pragmatik'othta d`en e>~inai.
<'Opwc >exhg'hsame parap'anw, m`e to`uc n'eouc k'wdikec sullabismo~u,
t`o \TeX\ >eklamb'anei <wc kataqrhstiko`uc difj'oggouc <'olouc to`uc
sunduasmo`uc fwnh'entwn po`u >ap`o t`hn graf`h e>~inai praktik~wc
>ad'unato n`a diakr'inoume >e`an pr'okeitai gi`a kataqrhstiko`uc
difj'oggouc >`h m'h. 

\begin{figure}[tbh]
\footnotesize
\begin{quote}
>Eke'inh t`hn P'empth, <o k'urioc >Iws'hf, <o mparmp'erhc ka`i m'onimoc
>eqjr'oc mac, mp~hke s`a s'ifounac st`hn a>ul'h mac ki >'arqise n`a
o>urli'azei <'oti t`o trell`o kats'iki mac, <h >eponomaz'omenh
((>Am'aljeia)), >'efage t`a ner'antzia tou. <H l'amyh st`o moust'aki
to~u ((taqusbarnist~h)) --- >`h >alli~wc ((>isopedwt~h)) --- ge'iton'a
mac e>~iqe >exafaniste~i ka`i t`o g'ohtr'o tou >'emoiaze n`a >'eqei
traumatiste~i >anepan'orjwta. ((J`a s~ac k'amw m'hnusin!)), gk'arize,
((di`a t`o d'endro mou t`o rhmagm'enon!)). T`hn <epom'enh, g'ureue <wc
>apozhm'iwsh mi`a dwdek'ada >abg'a.  <O mp'armpac mac <o >Al'ekoc, po`u
e>'iqe >anal'abei >en m'erei t`o r'olo to~u pat'era mac >ap`o t'ote po`u
>eke~inoc q'ajhke st`hn >Alban'ia, to~u e>~ipe m`e t`h qarakthristik`h
qwri'atikh profor'a tou: ((D`e'' m'' l`ec br`e >'anjrwpe, t'i s''
>'ekamei to`u kats'ik''? To`u kats'ik'' d`e ntr'wei nir'atzia ---
>eli`ec tr'wei!)) <O a>isqr`oc ge'itonac >ep'emene st`o biol'i tou
ka'i, st`hn komporumws'unh ka`i t`o jum'o tou, mp'erdeue l'exeic
pantel~wc >'asqetec: ((D`en e>'imeja >altrou"ista'i, k'urioi! N'a
>'ebgh| <h o>ik'ia <um~wn e>ic t`o sfur'i! J`a s~ac mhn'usw e>ic t`o
<upojhkoful'akeion, e>ic t`o <upourge~ion! D`en e>~inai dunat`on t`a
pro"i'onta <um~wn n`a g'inontai br~wsic m'iac a>ig'oc!)) E>'ide ki
>ap'oeide <h m'ana mac dane'isthke p'ente >abg`a >ap`o t`on jei'o mac,
>'ebale ki >'alla <eft`a dik'a mac ka`i t`a p~hge st`o ((kakopoi`o
m'iasma)), <'opwc sun'hjize n`a >apokale~i t`on k'urio >Iws'hf\dots\
T`hn jum~amai >ak'oma m`e t`a ma~ura ro~uqa ka`i t`o >asfr'agisto
pan'eri st`a q'eria thc, >empr`oc >ap`o t`o ((>anup'erblhton))
plat'uskalo to~u >arqontoqwri'ath mparmp'erh --- <'wra po`u >'edue <o
<'hlioc st`h j'alassa, <'ena >hlektrof'oro <hliobas'ilema to~u Ma"'iou.
\end{quote}
\caption{T`o ke'imeno po`u qrhsimopoi'hjhke kat`a t`hn dokim`h t~wn
kwd'ikwn sullabismo~u.}
\label{sq-keim}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[tbh]
\caption{Sugkritik`a >apotel'esmata dokim~hc kwd'ikwn sullabismo~u
n'ewn ellhnik~wn.}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l c c}
& Sf'almata
& >Astoq'iec 
\\
>Arqe~io kwd'ikwn 
& (\%) 
& (\%) 
\\ \hline
\textlatin{\texttt{rgr-hyph.tex}} \cite{qara:rgr} 
& 25 
& 13 
\\
\textlatin{\texttt{grhyph.tex}} \cite{becc:grhy}
& \phantom{0}3
& 16
\\
N'eoi beltiwm'enoi k'wdikec
& \phantom{0}0
& \phantom{0}3
\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\label{pin-apot}
\end{table}

\section{Po~u j`a bre~ite to`uc n'eouc k'wdikec sullabismo~u}

O<i n'eoi k'wdikec sullabismo~u br'iskontai s`e d'uo >arqe~ia po`u
f'eroun t`a >on'omata \textlatin{\texttt{GRPhyph?.tex}} gi`a t`o
polutonik`o ka`i \textlatin{\texttt{GRMhyph?.tex}}, <'opou
\textlatin{\texttt{?}} e>~inai <o >arijm`oc t~hc tr'eqousac >'ekdos'hc
touc (2). T`a >arqe~ia a>ut`a mpore~ite n`a t`a
l'abete m`e \textlatin{\texttt{ftp}} >ap`o t`on kat'alogo
\textlatin{\texttt{pub\slash TeX\slash greek\slash hyphen}} st`on k'ombo to~u
$*\epsilon\varphi\tau*$ 
(\textlatin{\texttt{obelix\BPT ee\BPT duth\BPT gr}}).
J`a t`a bre~ite >ep'ishc sto`uc >ant'istoiqouc katal'ogouc to~u
\textlatin{CTAN}.

>Elp'izoume <'oti t`a >arqe~ia t~wn betiwm'enwn kwd'ikwn sullabismo~u
gi`a t`a n'ea <ellhnik`a j`a >enswmatwjo~un st`ic mellontik`ec
>ekd'oseic t~hc <ellhnik~hc >epilog~hc t~hc \textlatin{\textsf{babel}}
ka`i to~u >Wm'ega. E>uelpisto~ume >ep'ishc <'oti s'untoma j`a m~ac
dwje~i <h e>ukair'ia n`a parousi'asoume ka`i to`uc k'wdikec sullabismo~u
gi`a t`a >arqa~ia <ellhnik'a.


\section*{E>uqarist'iec}

<O suggraf'eac j`a >'hjele n`a >ekfr'asei t`ic e>uqarist'iec tou pr`oc
t`on k.\nobreakspace{}Sp'uro Kwnstant~ato, l'ektora Klasik~wn Spoud~wn
st`o Panepist'hmio \textlatin{McGill} to~u Kanad~a, gi`a t`ic pol'utimec
sumboul'ec tou.
  
\begin{thebibliography}{123}

\bibitem{qara:rgr} G. Qaral'ampouc (1990), \textlatin{\texttt{rgrhyph.tex},
vers.\ 1.1. CTAN:
\texttt{tex-archive\slash language\slash greek\slash yannis}}.

\bibitem{drul:gree} K. I. Druller'akhc (1994),
\textlatin{\texttt{grkhyphen.tex}, \textsc{GreeK\TeX}, vers.\
4.0$\alpha$. \texttt{ftp://laotzu.doc.ic.ac.uk\slash pub\slash tex}}.

\bibitem{mosq:gehy} G. Mosqob'akhc (1994),
\textlatin{\texttt{gehyphen.tex}}. \textlatin{CTAN:
\texttt{tex-archive\slash  language\slash greek\slash greektex}}.

\bibitem{becc:grhy} \textlatin{C. Beccari (1997), \texttt{grhyph.tex}
(1997). CTAN: 
\texttt{tex-archive\slash language\slash greek\slash %
package-babel\slash hyphenation}}.

\bibitem{tria:mikr} M. A. Triantafull'idhc (1975), \textit{Mikr`h
Neoellhnik`h Grammatik'h}, b$'$ >'ekd. >Aristot'eleion
Panepist'hmion Jessalon'ikhc, >Instito~uton Neoellhnik~wn Spoud~wn,
<'Idruma Man'olh Triantafull'idh, Jessalon'ikh, \S21--42.

\bibitem{levy:tugb} \textlatin{S. Levy (1988), ``Using Greek fonts with
\TeX.'' \textit{TUGboat} \textbf{9}, 20-24}.

\bibitem{becc:tugb} \textlatin{C. Beccari} ka`i \textlatin{A. Syropoulos
(1998), ``New Greek fonts and the \texttt{greek} option of the 
\textsf{babel} package.'' \textit{TUGboat} \textbf{19}, 419--425}.

\bibitem{knoo:texb} \textlatin{D. E. Knuth, \textit{The \TeX{}book}
(1989). Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachussets, USA, pp.\ 449--451}.

\bibitem{qara:tugb} \textlatin{Y. Haralambous (1992), ``Hyphenation
patterns for ancient Greek and Latin.'' \textit{TUGboat}
\textbf{13}, 457--469}.

\bibitem{oiko:gram} M. Q. O>ikon'omou (1987), \textit{Grammatik`h t~hc
>Arqa'iac <Ellhnik~hc}, e$'$ >'ekd. >Organism`oc >Ekd'osewc Didaktik~wn
Bibl'iwn, >Aj'hna, \S30--34.

\bibitem{oedb:neoe79} \textit{Neoellhnik`h Grammatik'h}, d$'$
>'ekd.\ (1979). >Organism`oc >Ekd'osewc Didaktik~wn Bibl'iwn,
Aj'hna, sel.\ 11--21 ka`i 211. \\[.5ex]
{\small Pr'okeitai gi`a >anaprosarmog`h t~hc \textit{Mikr~hc
Neoellhnik~hc Grammatik~hc} to~u Triantafull'idh \cite{tria:mikr}. Kat`a
t`hn >anaprosarmog`h a>ut'h, katarg'hjhke <h bare'ia (`) ka`i
<aplopoi'hjhkan pollo`i kan'onec sullabismo~u, tonismo~u ka`i
>orjograf'iac.\par}

\bibitem{oedb:neoe85} \textit{Neoellhnik`h Grammatik'h}, h$'$
>'ekd.\ (1985). >Organism`oc >Ekd'osewc Didaktik~wn Bibl'iwn,
Aj'hna, sel.\ 11--25 ka`i 211.

% \bibitem{good:gree} \textlatin{W. W. Goodwin (1892), \textit{A Greek
% Grammar}. Ginn and Company, Boston, USA, pp.\ 24--25}.  \\[.5ex] 
% {\small Ne'wterh >epan'ekdosh to~u >'idiou bibl'iou [\textlatin{W. W.
% Goodwin (1988), \textit{A Greek Grammar}, revised by C. B. Gulick.
% Orpheus Publishing Inc., New Rochelle, New York, USA, pp.\ 26--27}]
% peri'eqei l'ajh sto`uc kan'onec sullabismo~u t~wn >arqa'iwn
% <ellhnik~wn.\par}

\bibitem{lian:patg} \textlatin{F. M. Liang, P. Breitenlohner and K.
Berry (1996), \texttt{PATGEN}: \texttt{PAT}ern \texttt{GEN}eration
Program, vers.\ 2.3. CTAN:
\texttt{tex-archive\slash systems\slash knuth\slash %
unsupported\slash texware\slash patgen.web}.}
\\[.5ex]
{\small <'Enac mikr`oc <odhg`oc gi`a t`hn qr'hsh to~u progr'ammatoc
\textlatin{\texttt{PATGEN}} d'inetai st`o >arqe~io: \textlatin{Y.
Haralambous (1993), ``A small tutorial on the multilingual features of
PatGen2.'' CTAN: \texttt{tex-archive\slash info\slash patgen2\BPT %
tutorial}}. >Ep'ishc, plhrofor'iec gi`a t`o \textlatin{\texttt{PATGEN}}
j`a bre~ite st`o >'arjro: \SLE P. Sojka (1999), ``Hyphenation on
demand,'' \textit{TUGboat} \textbf{20}, 241--247\SLG.\par}

\bibitem{andr:etum} N. P. >Andri'wthc (1967), \textit{>Etumologik`o
Lexik`o t~hc Koin~hc Neoellhnik~hc}, b$'$ >ekd. >Aristot'eleion
Panepist'hmion Jessalon'ikhc, >Instito~uton Neoellhnik~wn Spoud~wn,
<'Idruma Man'olh Triantafull'idh, Jessalon'ikh.

\bibitem{kour:anti} G. I. Kourmo'ulhc (1967), \textit{>Ant'istrofon
Lexik`on t~hc N'eac <Ellhnik~hc}, >Aj~hnai.

\bibitem{braa:bpla} \textlatin{J. Braams (1998),
\texttt{bplain.tex}, \textsf{babel}, vers.\ 3.6. CTAN:
\texttt{tex-archive\slash  macros\slash latex\slash required\slash babel}}.

\end{thebibliography}

\newpage

\section*{Par'arthma}

\begin{center}
Kat'alogoc sumplegm'atwn >ap`o klit'ec l'exeic xenik~hc pro'eleushc
po`u peri'eqoun >'arrina d'iyhfa s'umfwna \textit{gk}, \textit{mp}
ka`i \textit{nt}. Merik`ec >apara'ithtec >exair'eseic
parousi'azontai m`e >eswterik`h >od'ontwsh.
\end{center}
\hrule
\begingroup\footnotesize
\begin{tabbing}
\hspace*{5ex} \= \hspace*{50ex} \= \hspace*{5ex} \= xxxxxx \kill \\
\textbf{\normalsize gk} \\[.5\baselineskip]
\textlatin{\texttt{bg2k}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{4l5g2k}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{4n5g2k}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{4r5g2k}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{sg2k}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{4t5g2k}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.giou5g2ko}} \> \> giou-gkosl'aboc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{5g2krant.}} \> \> B'olgko-gkrant \\
\textlatin{\texttt{>emi5g2kr}} \> \> >emi-gkr'ec \\
\textlatin{\texttt{>i5g2kou}} \> \> >i-gkou'ana \\
\textlatin{\texttt{>'intri5g2k >intri5g2k}} \> \> >'intri-gka \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.kara5g2ki}} \> \> kara-gki'ozhc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ma5g2ki'o}} \> \> ma-gki'oroc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.mpa5g2k}} \> \> mpa-gkat'ela mpa-gk'eta \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.mpi5g2k}} \> \> mpi-gk'onia \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.nt'a5g2kl}} \> \>  nt'a-gkla \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.nta5g2kl}} \> \> nta-gklar'ac \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.xe5g2k .x'e5g2k}} \> \> xe-gk'astri \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.saltip'a5g2k}} \> \> saltip'a-gkoc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.si5g2k}} \> \> si-gko'una \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.sp'a5g2k .spa5g2k}} \> \> sp'a-gkoc
spa-gkoramm'enoc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.fi'o5g2k .fio5g2k}} \> \> fi'o-gkoc fio-gk'aki \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.qo'uli5g2k .qouli5g2k}} \> \> qo'uli-gkan qouli-gkanism'oc
\\[\baselineskip]
%%%%
\textbf{\normalsize mp} \\[.5\baselineskip]
\textlatin{\texttt{4z5m2p}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{4l5m2p}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{4n5m2p}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{4r5m2p}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{sm2p}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{>ala5m2pou}} \> \> >ala-mpourn'ezika \\
\textlatin{\texttt{>'a5m2ak >a5m2p'ak}} \> \> >'a-mpakoc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{>a5m2pan}} \> \> >a-mpan'ozi \\
\textlatin{\texttt{>a5m2p'ar >a5m2p~ar >a5m2par}} \> \> >a-mp'ara
>a-mpar'wnw \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{>a6m3p'ari >a6m3pari}} \> >am-p'ari \\
\textlatin{\texttt{>a5m2pr}} \> \> >a-mpr'i \\
\textlatin{\texttt{>ara5m2p}} \> \> >ara-mp'ac \\
\textlatin{\texttt{>arlo'u5m2p >arlo~u5m2p >arlou5m2p}} \> \>
>arlo'u-mpa \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.b'o5m2pir .bo5m2pir}}  \> \> b'o-mpirac 
bo-mpiriasm'enoc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.g'a5m2pi .ga5m2pi}} \> \> g'a-mpia \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ze"i5m2p}} \> \> ze"i-mp'ekikoc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{>i5m2pra}} \> \> >i-mpra'hm \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.kala5m2pa}} \> \> kala-mpal'iki \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.kal'i5m2pr .kali5m2pr}} \> \> kal'i-mpra
kali-mpr'arw \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ka5m2p'ad}} \> \> ka-mp'adikoc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ka5m2par'e .ka5m2par`e .ka5m2pare}} \> \>
ka-mpa-r'e ka-mparetzo'u \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ka5m2p'in .ka5m2p~in .ka5m2pin}} \> \> ka-mp'ina
ka-mpin'ec \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.k'a5m2pot .ka5m2p'ot .ka5m2pot}} \> \> k'a-mpoto
ka-mpot'inoc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.kaou5m2p}} \> \> kaou-mp'ohc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.kara5m2p}} \> \> kara-mp'ina kara-mpini'eroc \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{.kara6m3p'ol .kara6m3pol}} \> karam-p'ola \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.karna5m2p}} \> \> karna-mp'iti \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ke5m2p}} \> \> ke-mp'ap ke-mpaptz'hc ke-mp'ec \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.koli5m2pr}} \> \> koli-mpr'i \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.kolo'u5m2pr .kolo~u5m2pr .kolou5m2pr}} \> \> kolo'u-mpra \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.k'o5m2pr .ko5m2pr}} \> \> k'o-mpra \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{.ko6m3pr'ess .ko6m3press}} \> kom-pr'essa \\ 
\textlatin{\texttt{.kontra5m2p}} \> \> kontra-mp'aso kontra-mp'anto
\\
\textlatin{\texttt{.koulo'u5m2pr .koulo~u5m2pr .koulou5m2pr}} \> \> koulo'u-mpra \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.kou5m2po'u .kou5m2po~u .kou5m2pou}} \> \>
kou-mpo'uri kou-mpo'urac \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.kwlo'u5m2pr .kwlo~u5m2pr .kwlou5m2pr}} \> \> kwlo'u-mpra \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.li5m2pr}} \> \> li-mpr'eto \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.l'o5m2p}} \> \> l'o-mpu l'o-mpi \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.manit'o5m2p}} \> \> manit'o-mpa \\
\textlatin{\texttt{5m2pa5m2p}} \> \> mpa-mp'ac mpa-mp'akac
mpa-mp'eshc \\
\> \> qazo-mpa-mp'ac \\
\textlatin{\texttt{5m2p'a5m2p}} \> \> mp'a-mpw \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{.mpa6m3p'aki .mpa6m3paki}} \> mpam-p'aki \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.mpaske2t5m2p}} \> \>  mpasket-mpwl'istac \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.mpasi5m2pouz}} \> \> mpasi-mpouzo~ukoc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{5m2p'ehc. 5m2pehc. 5m2p'ehs. 5m2pehs.}} \> \> Petr'o-mpehc k.>'a.<'o. \\
\textlatin{\texttt{5m2p'eh. 5m2peh. 5m2p'ehdec.}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{5m2p'ehdes. 5m2p'ehdwn.}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{5m2p'e5m2p 5m2pe5m2p}} \> \> mp'e-mphc mp'e-mpa
mpe-mp'ekoc \\
\> \> bouturo-mpe-mp'ec \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.mpi5m2p}} \> \> mpi-mper'o mpi-mpel'o \\
\textlatin{\texttt{5m2pogi}} \> \> nero-mpogi'a lado-mpogi'a \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.mp'o5m2pir .mpo5m2pir}} \> \> mp'o-mpirac
mpo-mpiriasm'enoc \\ 
\textlatin{\texttt{.mpo5m2p'ot .mpo5m2pot}} \> \> mpo-mp'ota \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.mpou5m2po'un .mpou5m2po~un .mpou5m2poun}} \> \> mpou-mpo'unac
mpou-mpoun'izw \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.n'o5m2pel .no5m2pel}} \> \> n'o-mpel no-mpel'istac \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.nt'o5m2pr .nto5m2pr}} \> \> nt'o-mproc
nto-mpros'unh \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.x'e5m2p .xe5m2p}} \> \> x'e-mparkoc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{>'o5m2po >o5m2po}} \> \> >'o-mpoe >o-mpo"'istac
\\
\textlatin{\texttt{.re5m2p}} \> \> re-mp'ethc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.r'e5m2p}} \> \> r'e-mpeloc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.repo'u5m2pl .repou5m2pl}} \> \> repo'u-mplika
repou-mplik'anoc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ro5m2p}} \> \>  ro-mp'ot ro-mpotik'h \\
\textlatin{\texttt{r'o5m2pa r'o5m2pe r'o5m2pw ro5m2p~w}} \> \> r'o-mpa
gkarntar'o-mpa \\
\textlatin{\texttt{ro5m2pa ro5m2pe ro5m2pw}} \> \> pali'oro-mpa \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{tro6m3p tr'o6m3p}} \> trom-p'oni tr'om-pa \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.rou5m2p}} \> \> rou-mp'ini \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.sa2m5pot}} \> \> sa-mpot'az sa-mpot'arw \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.s'e5m2pr}} \> \> s'e-mproc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ska5m2pab}} \> \> ska-mpab'ia \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.sno5m2p}} \> \> sno-mpar'ia sno-mpism'oc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{s'o5m2pa s'o5m2pe s'o5m2pw so5m2pa}} \> \>
s'o-mpa xul'o-sompa \\
\textlatin{\texttt{so5m2pe so5m2pw so5m2p~w}} \\   
\textlatin{\texttt{.so'u5m2p .sou5m2p}} \> \> so'u-mpitoc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.tabla5m2p}} \> \> tabla-mp'ac \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ta5m2p}} \> \> ta-mpo'uri ta-mpo'u ta-mpl'ac
ta-mp'ela \\
\> \> ta-mpaki'era \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{.ta6m3peram}} \>  tam-peram'ento \\
\> \textlatin{\texttt{.ta6m3po~url .ta6m3po'url}} \> tam-po~urlo \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.te5m2pes}} \> \> te-mpes'iri \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.tz'a5m2p .tza5m2p}} \> \> tz'a-mpa tza-mpatz'hc
\\
\textlatin{\texttt{.tzana5m2p}} \> \> tzana-mp'ethc tzana-mpeti'a \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.tzi5m2p}} \> \> Tzi-mpout'i Tzi-mpal'i \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.tzou5m2p}} \> \> tzou-mp'ec \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.t'o5m2pr .to5m2pr}} \> \> t'o-mproc to-mpros'unh
\\
\textlatin{\texttt{.tra5m2p'al .tra5m2pal}} \> \> tra-mp'ala
tra-mpal'izomai \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.tra5m2po~uk .tra5m2po'uk .tra5m2pouk}} \> \>
tra-mpo~ukoc tra-mpoukism'oc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ts'a5m2pa .tsa5m2pa}} \> \> ts'a-mpa
tsa-mpatz'hc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.tsi5m2po'uk .tsi5m2pouk}} \> \> tsi-mpo'uki \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.tsi5m2po'us .tsi5m2pous}} \> \> tsi-mpo'usi \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.f'a5m2prik .fa5m2prik}} \> \> f'a-mprika \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.fra5m2p}} \> \> fra-mpal'ac \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.qa5m2p}} \> \> qa-mp'ari qa-mp'eri \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.q'o5m2p}} \> \>  q'o-mpu q'o-mpi \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.qontro5m2pa}} \> \> qontro-mpal'ac
\\[\baselineskip]
%%%%
\textbf{\normalsize nt} \\[.5\baselineskip]
\textlatin{\texttt{b5n2t}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{z5n2t}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{l5n2t}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{mn2t}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{r5n2t}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{sn2t}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{>a5n2t'atz}} \> \> >a-nt'atzio \\
\textlatin{\texttt{>atra5n2t'e >atra5n2t`e}} \> \> >atra-nt'ec \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.b'i5n2te .bi5n2te}} \> \> b'i-nteo
bi-nteok'amera \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.giaqou5n2t}} \> \> giaqou-nt'hc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.gibe5n2t}} \> \> gibe-nt'izw \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.gk'ai5n2t .gk'a"i5n2t .gka"i5n2t}} \> \>
gk'ai-nta \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.likbi5n2tar}} \> \> likbi-ntarism'oc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ka5n2ta"'i .ka5n2ta"i}} \> \> ka-nta"'ifi \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ka5n2tr}} \> \> ka-ntr'ilia \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ma"i5n2t}} \> \> ma"i-ntan'oc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ma5n2t'am .ma5n2t`am .ma5n2tam}} \> \> ma-nt'am
ma-ntam'itsa \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ma5n2t'em .ma5n2tem}} \> \> ma-nt'emi \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.me"i5n2t'a .me"i5n2ta}} \> \> me"i-nt'ani \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.mo5n2t'el .mo5n2tel}} \> \> mo-nt'elo
mo-ntelism'oc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{mo5n2t'ern mo5n2tern}} \> \> mo-nt'erno
metamo-nternism'oc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.mpal'a5n2t .mpala5n2t}} \> \> mpal'a-nta \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.mpa5n2tan}} \> \> mpa-ntan'ac \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.mpe5n2t}} \> \> mpe-nt'eli mpe-nt'eni \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.mpi5n2t}} \> \> mpi-nt'ec \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.mpou5n2ta}} \> \> mpou-ntal'ac \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.mpou5n2tr}} \> \> mpou-ntro'umi \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.nisa5n2t}} \> \> nisa-nt'iri \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.nta5n2t}} \> \> nta-nt'a \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ntermpe5n2t}} \> \> ntermpe-nt'erhc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{5n2t'iban}} \> \> mpaoulo-nt'ibano \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ntou5n2to'uk .ntou5n2to~uk}} \> \> ntou-nto'uka \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ntou5n2touk}} \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.xe5n2t x'e5n2t}} \> \>  xe-nt'unw x'e-ntutoc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{>o5n2t'a >o5n2t`a >o5n2t~a}} \> \> >o-nt'ac \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.reze5n2t}} \> \> reze-nt'a \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.re5n2t'i .re5n2ti}} \> \> re-nt'ikolo \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.ro~u5n2t .ro'u5n2t}} \> \> ro~u-ntoc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.se5n2t'ef .se5n2tef}} \> \> se-nt'efi \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.se5n2to~u .se5n2to'u .se5n2tou}} \> \>
se-nto~uki \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.tsa5n2t'i .tsa5n2ti}} \> \> tsa-nt'ila
tsa-nt'iri \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.fastfou5n2t}} \> \> fastfou-nt'adiko \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.qa5n2to}} \> \> qa-nto'umhc \\
\textlatin{\texttt{.q'a5n2tr .qa5n2tr}} \> \> q'a-ntra qa-ntr~wn \\ 
\end{tabbing}
\endgroup % end footnotesize
%%%%
\newpage
\begin{center}
Kat'alogoc >'aklitwn l'exewn xenik~hc pro'eleushc po`u peri'eqoun
>'arrina d'iyhfa s'umfwna \textit{gk}, \textit{mp} ka`i \textit{nt}.
O<i l'exeic a>ut`ec peri'eqontai st`o s'unolo
\SLE\verb|\hyphenation{...}|\SLG\ to~u >arqe'iou
\textlatin{\texttt{GRPhyph?.tex}}.
\end{center}
\hrule
\begin{quote}
>a-l'e-gkro  \\
>a-mpa-zo`ur >a-mpa-zo'ur >a-mpa-zo~ur\\
>a-nt'i-o\\
>a-out-s'ai-nter >a-out-s'a"i-nter\\
gi'a-ntec \\
Zim-p'a-mpou-e \\
ka-ska-nt`er ka-ska-nt'er \\
ko-me-nt`i ko-me-nt'i\\
La-mpra-nt`or La-mpra-nt'or \\
l'i-mpi-nto \\
lou-mp`en lou-mp'en lo~u-mpen \\
ma-ra-mpo`u ma-ra-mpo'u ma-ra-mpo~u \\
me-nta-gi`on me-nta-gi'on \\
m'e-nti-oum m'e-nti-a\\
ne-gkli-z`e ne-gkli-z'e \\
nte-mo-nt`e nte-mo-nt'e \\
po-gkr`om po-gkr'om\\
ra-nt`ar ra-nt'ar \\
sa-mp`o sa-mp'o \\
sl'o-gkan \\
sto'u-nti-o \\
t'i-gka 
\end{quote}

\end{document} 
