
\section{Changes from Version 1.0 to 1.1}

\subsection{Newly created symbols}\label{sec:newsymbols}

The follwoing two symbols are newly adopted in the \texttt{tipa}
encoding (i.e., T3).

\begin{quote}
Hooktop right-tail D --- \texthtrtaild\\
Left-hooktop Long Y --- \textlhtlongy
\end{quote}

The following command was realized by a macro in the previous version
but now is assigned a code of its own in the \texttt{tipa} encoding
(i.e., T3).

\begin{quote}
Crossed lambda --- \textcrlambda
\end{quote}

The following symbols are (mostly) newly created symbols in the
\texttt{tipx} fonts. (Note that some are moved from the \texttt{tipa}
because of the encoding change.)

\begin{quote}
Right-hook A --- \textrhooka\\
Left-hook four --- \textlhookfour\\
Inverted script A --- \textinvscripta\\
A-O Ligature --- \textaolig\\
Inverted small capital A --- \textinvsca\\
Small capital A-O Ligature --- \textscaolig\\
Stretched C (original form) --- \textstretchcvar\\
Curly-tail stretched C --- \textctstretchc\\
Curly-tail stretched C (original form) --- \textctstretchcvar\\
Front-hook D --- \textfrhookd\\
Front-hook D (Original) --- \textfrhookdvar\\
D-B ligature --- \textdblig\\
Small capital Greek delta --- \textscdelta\\
Right-hook E --- \textrhooke\\
Right-hook epsilon --- \textrhookepsilon\\
Small capital F --- \textscf\\
Greek gamma --- \textgrgamma\\
Front-tail gamma --- \textfrtailgamma\\
Back-tail gamma --- \textbktailgamma\\
Right-tail hooktop H --- \textrtailhth\\
Heng --- \textheng\\
Curly-tail J (a variety found in 1996 IPA) --- \textctjvar\\
Hooktop barred dotless J (a variety) --- \texthtbardotlessjvar\\
Small capital K --- \textsck\\
Turned small capital K --- \textturnsck\\
Reversed small capital L --- \textrevscl\\
H-M ligature --- \texthmlig\\
Small capital M --- \textscm\\
Front-bar N --- \textfrbarn\\
Right leg N --- \textnrleg\\
Bull's eye (an old version) --- \textObullseye\\
Female sign --- \textfemale\\
Uncrossed female sign --- \textuncrfemale\\
Right-hook open O --- \textrhookopeno\\
Inverted omega --- \textinvomega\\
Left-hook P --- \textlhookp\\
Small capital P --- \textscp\\
A variety of thorn (1) --- \textthornvari\\
A variety of thorn (2) --- \textthornvarii\\
A variety of thorn (3) --- \textthornvariii\\
A variety of thorn (4) --- \textthornvariv\\
Q-P ligature --- \textqplig\\
Reversed small capital R --- \textrevscr\\
Reversed esh with top loop --- \textlooptoprevesh\\
Front-hook T --- \textfrhookt\\
Curly-tail turned T --- \textctturnt\\
Turned small capital U --- \textturnscu\\
Turned two --- \textturntwo\\
Bent-tail yogh --- \textbenttailyogh\\
Turned three --- \textturnthree\\
Curly-tail inverted glottal stop --- \textctinvglotstop\\
Turned glottal stop (PSG 1996:211) --- \textturnglotstop\\
Pipe (a variety with no descender) --- \textpipevar\\
Double pipe (a variety with no descender) --- \textdoublepipevar\\
Double-barred pipe (a variety with no descender) --- \textdoublebarpipevar\\
Superscript left arrow --- \textspleftarrow\\
Down full arrow --- \textdownfullarrow\\
Up full arrow --- \textupfullarrow\\
Subscript right arrow --- \textsubrightarrow\\
Subscript double arrow --- \textsubdoublearrow\\
Reversed Polish hook --- an accent command e.g., \textrevpolhook{o}\\
Retracting sign (a variety) --- \textretractingvar\\
Right Hook (long) --- \textrthooklong\\
Palatalization hook (long) --- \textpalhooklong\\
Palatalization hook (a variety) --- \textpalhookvar
\end{quote}

\subsection{Symbol shape changes}

Shapes of the following symbols have been modified from the first
version to the present.

\begin{center}\tabcolsep.2em
\begin{tabular}{llccl}
Name  & Macro name  & New  & Old  & Old symbol name\\
\hline
Pipe                     & \Tt{textpipe}         & \textpipe
 & \textpipevar          & \Tt{textpipevar}\\
Double Pipe              & \Tt{textdoublepipe}   & \textdoublepipe
 & \textdoublepipevar    & \Tt{textdoublepipevar}\\
Double-barred pipe       & \Tt{textdoublebarpipe}& \textdoublebarpipe
 & \textdoublebarpipevar & \Tt{textdoublebarpipevar}\\
Down arrow               & \Tt{textdownstep}     & \textdownstep
 & \textdownfullarrow    & \Tt{textdownfullarrow}\\
Up arrow                 & \Tt{textupstep}       & \textupstep
 & \textupfullarrow      & \Tt{textupfullarrow}\\
Bull's eye               & \Tt{textbullseye}     & \textbullseye
 & \textObullseye        & \Tt{textObullseye}\\
Hooktop barred           & \Tt{texthtbardotlessj}& \texthtbardotlessj
 & \texthtbardotlessjvar & \Tt{texthtbardotlessjvar}\\
dotless J \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

For each symbol, the old shape is preserved in the \texttt{tipx} fonts
and can be accessed by a new name (in most cases \texttt{var} or
\texttt{O} is attached) indicated at the rightmost column of the above
table.


\section{Symbols not included in \tipa{}}

Although the present version of \tipa{} includes almost all the
symbols found in \PSG\ and \Handbook, there are still some symbols not
included or defined in \tipa{}.

Some of such symbols can be realized by writing appropriate
macros, while some others cannot be realized without resorting to
the Metafont.

This section discusses these problems by classifying such symbols into
three categories, as shown below.

\begin{enumerate}
\itemsep0pt
\item Symbols that can be realized by \TeX{}'s macro level and/or by using
  symbols from other fonts.
\item Symbols that can be imitated by \TeX{}'s macro level and/or by using
  symbols from other fonts (but may not look quite satisfactory).
\item Symbols that cannot be realized at all, without creating a new
  font.
\end{enumerate}

With the addtion of the \tipx{} fonts, symbols that belong to the
third category are virtually non-existent now.

As for the symbols that belong to the first and second categories,
\tipa{} provides a variety of macros and parts of symbols that can be
used to compose a desired symbol if you can write an appropriate
macro for it.

The following table shows symbols that belong to the first category.
For each symbol, an example of input method and its output is also
given. Note that barred or crossed symbols can be easily made by
\tipa{}'s \verb|\ipabar| macro.

\def\SecLine{\>}

\medskip
\begin{tabbing}
\iftimes
x \=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \= \kill
\else
x \=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \= \kill
\fi
\> Barred Small Capital I 
  \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{\textsci}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{}| \>
  \ipabar{\textsci}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{} \\
\> Barred J 
  \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{j}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{}| \>
  \ipabar{j}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{} \\
\> Crossed K 
  \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{k}{1.2ex}{.6}{}{.4}| \>
  \ipabar{k}{1.2ex}{.6}{}{.4} \\
\> Barred Open O 
  \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{\textopeno}{.5ex}{.6}{.4}{}| \>
  \ipabar{\textopeno}{.5ex}{.5}{.5}{} \\
\> Barred Small Capital Omega 
  \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{\textscomega}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{}| \>
  \ipabar{\textscomega}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{} \\
\> Barred P 
  \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{p}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{}| \>
  \ipabar{p}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{} \\
\> Half-barred U 
  \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{u}{.5ex}{.5}{}{.5}| \>
  \ipabar{u}{.5ex}{.5}{}{.5} \\
\> Barred Small Capital U 
  \SecLine \verb|\ipabar{\textscu}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{}| \>
  \ipabar{\textscu}{.5ex}{1.1}{}{} \\
\iftimes
\> Double Slash 
  \SecLine \verb|/\kern-.1em/| \>
  /\kern-.1em/ \\
\> Triple Slash 
  \SecLine \verb|/\kern-.1em/\kern-.1em/| \>
  /\kern-.1em/\kern-.1em/ 
\else
\> Double Slash 
  \SecLine \verb|/\kern-.25em/| \>
  /\kern-.25em/ \\
\> Triple Slash 
  \SecLine \verb|/\kern-.25em/\kern-.25em/| \>
  /\kern-.25em/\kern-.25em/ 
\fi
\end{tabbing}

The next definitions attaches a tiny `left hook' (which shows
palatalization) to a symbol. For example:

\iftimes
\newcommand\textlhookb{{\tipaencoding
  b\hspace{-.1em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhookvar}}}
\newcommand\textlhookm{{\tipaencoding
  m\hspace{-.1em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhook}}}
\begin{verbatim}
  % Left-hook B
  \newcommand\textlhookb{{\tipaencoding
    b\hspace{-.1em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhookvar}}}
  % Left-hook M
  \newcommand\textlhookm{{\tipaencoding
    m\hspace{-.1em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhook}}}
\end{verbatim}
\else
\newcommand\textlhookb{{\tipaencoding
  b\hspace{-.15em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhookvar}}}
\newcommand\textlhookm{{\tipaencoding
  m\hspace{-.15em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhook}}}
\begin{verbatim}
  % Left-hook B
  \newcommand\textlhookb{{\tipaencoding
    b\hspace{-.15em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhookvar}}}
  % Left-hook M
  \newcommand\textlhookm{{\tipaencoding
    m\hspace{-.15em}\raisebox{.0ex}{\textpalhook}}}
\end{verbatim}
\fi

The former example uses a left-hook called \Tt{textpalhookvar},
(\KK\textpalhookvar\KK) and latter uses a hook called \Tt{textpalhook},
(\KK\textpalhook\KK).

\begin{quote}
  Left-hook B --- \textlhookb \\
  Left-hook M --- \textlhookm
\end{quote}

Symbols that belong to the second category are shown below. Note that
slashed symbols can be in fact easily made by a macro. For example, a
slashd b i.e., \ipaclap{\textipa{b}}{\textipa{/}} can be made by
\verb|\ipaclap{\textipa{b}}{\textipa{/}}|. The reason why slashed
symbols are not included in \tipa{} is as follows: first, a simple
overlapping of a symbol and a slash does not always result in a good
shape, and secondly, it doesn't seem significant to devise fine-tuned
macros for symbols which were created essentialy for typewriters.

\medskip
\begin{tabbing}
x \=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx \= \kill
\> Slashed B \>
  \ipaclap{\textipa{b}}{\textipa{/}} \\
\> Slashed C \>
  \ipaclap{\textipa{c}}{\textipa{/}} \\
\> Slashed D \>
  \ipaclap{\textipa{d}}{\textipa{/}} \\
\> Slashed U \>
  \ipaclap{\textipa{u}}{\textipa{/}} \\
\> Slashed W \>
  \ipaclap{\textipa{w}}{\textipa{/}}
\end{tabbing}


\endinput

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