%%% ====================================================================
%%%  @LaTeX-style-file{
%%%     filename        = "grabhedr.sty",
%%%     version         = "0.9j",
%%%     date            = "1994/11/08",
%%%     time            = "16:15:00 EST",
%%%     author          = "Michael Downes",
%%%     email           = "mjd@math.ams.org (Internet)",
%%%     keywords        = "TeX, file header,
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     abstract        = "This file defines a function \inputfwh
%%%       to be used instead of \input, to allow TeX to grab
%%%       information from standardized file headers in the form
%%%       proposed by Nelson Beebe during his term as president of the
%%%       TeX Users Group. Of which all this here is an example.",
%%%     checksum        = "60397 519 2589 19482",
%%%     docstring       = "The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%       checksum as the first value, followed by the equivalent of
%%%       the standard UNIX wc (word count) utility output of lines,
%%%       words, and characters.  This is produced by Robert Solovay's
%%%       checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================
%
% \iffalse
%<*driver>
\input{dia-driv.tex}
%</driver>
% \fi
%
% \section{Introduction}
%    This file defines a function \cw{inputfwh} to be used instead of
%    \cw{input}, to allow \tex/ to grab information from standardized
%    file headers in the form proposed by Nelson Beebe during his term
%    as president of the \tex/ Users Group. Usage:
%\begin{usage}
%\inputfwh{file.nam}
%\end{usage}
%    Functions \cw{localcatcodes} and \cw{restorecatcodes} for
%    managing catcode changes are also defined herein, as well as a
%    handful of utility functions, many of them borrowed from
%    \fn{latex.tex}: \cw{@empty}, \cw{@gobble}, \cw{@gobbletwo},
%    \cw{@car}, \cw{@@input}, \cw{toks@}, \cw{afterfi},
%    \cw{fileversiondate}, \cw{trap.input}.
%
%    The use of \cw{inputfwh}, \cw{fileversiondate}, and
%    \cw{trap.input} as illustrated in \fn{dialog.sty} is cumbersome
%    klugery that in fact would better be handled by appropriate
%    functionality built into the format file. But none of the major
%    formats have anything along these lines yet. (It would also help
%    if \tex/ made the current input file name accessible, like
%    \cw{inputlineno}.)
%
% \StopEventually{}
%
% \section{Implementation}
%    Standard package identification:
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*2e>
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesPackage{grabhedr}[1994/11/08 v0.9j]
%</2e>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    By enclosing this entire file in a group, saving and restoring
%    catcodes `by hand' is rendered unnecessary. This is perhaps the
%    best way to locally change catcodes, better than the
%    \cw{localcatcodes} function defined below. But it tends to be
%    inconvenient for the \tex/ programmer: every time you add
%    something you have to remember to make it global; if you're like
%    me, you end up making every change twice, with an abortive test
%    run of \tex/ in between, in which you discover that a certain
%    control sequence is undefined because you didn't assign it
%    globally. (Using \cw{globaldefs} = 1 is dangerous in my experience;
%    you have to take care not to accidentally change any variables that
%    you don't want to be changed globally.)
%    \begin{macrocode}
\begingroup
%    \end{macrocode}
%    Inside this group, enforce normal catcodes. All definitions must
%    be global in order to persist beyond the \cw{endgroup}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\catcode96 12 % left quote
\catcode`\= 12
\catcode`\{=1 \catcode`\}=2 \catcode`\#=6
\catcode`\$=3 \catcode`\~=13 \catcode`\^=7
\catcode`\_=8 \catcode`\^^M=5 \catcode`\"=12
%    \end{macrocode}
%    Make \qc{\@} a letter for use in `private' control sequences.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\catcode`\@=11
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \section{Preliminaries}
%    For \cw{@empty}, \cw{@gobble}, \ldots{} we use the \latex/ names so
%    that if \fn{grabhedr.sty} is used with \latex/ we won't waste hash
%    table and string pool space.
%
% \begin{macro}{\@empty}
%    Empty macro, for \cw{ifx} tests or initialization of variables.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\@empty{}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@gobble}
% \begin{macro}{\@gobbletwo}
% \begin{macro}{\@gobblethree}
%    Functions for gobbling unwanted tokens.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\long\gdef\@gobble#1{}
\long\gdef\@gobbletwo#1#2{}
\long\gdef\@gobblethree#1#2#3{}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@car}
%    The function \cw{@car}, though not really needed by
%    \fn{grabhedr.sty}, is needed by the principal customers of
%    \fn{grabhedr.sty} (e.g., \fn{dialog.sty}).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\long\gdef\@car#1#2\@nil{#1}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@@input}
%    To define \cw{@@input} as in \latex/ we want to let it equal to
%    the primitive \cw{input}. But if a \latex/ format is being used
%    we don't want to execute that assignment because by now
%    \cw{input} has changed its meaning. And if some other format is
%    being used it behooves us to check, before defining \cw{@@input},
%    whether \cw{input} still has its primitive meaning. Otherwise
%    there's a good chance \cw{inputfwh} will fail to work properly.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\UndEFiNed\@@input % LaTeX not loaded.
%    \end{macrocode}
%    This code shows a fairly easy way to check whether the meaning of a
%    primitive control sequence is still the original meaning.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \edef\0{\meaning\input}\edef\1{\string\input}%
  \ifx\0\1%
    \global\let\@@input\input
  \else
    \errhelp{%
Grabhedr.sty needs to know the name of the
\input primitive in order to define \inputfwh
properly. Consult a TeXnician for help.}
    \errmessage{%
      Non-primitive \noexpand\input detected}%
  \fi
\fi
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\toks@}
%    Scratch token register.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\global\toksdef\toks@=0
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\afterfi}
%    Sonja Maus's function for throwing code over the \cw{fi} (``An
%    Expansion Power Lemma'', \TUB{} vol 12 no 2 June 1991). (Except
%    that she called this function \cw{beforefi}.)
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\long\gdef\afterfi#1\fi{\fi#1}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\nx@}
%    We will be using \cw{noexpand} a lot; this abbreviation improves
%    the readability of the code.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\global\let\nx@\noexpand
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\xp@}
%    Another convenient abbreviation.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\global\let\xp@\expandafter
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \section{Reading standard file headers}
%    The function \cw{inputfwh} (`input file with header') inputs
%    the given file, checking first to see if it starts with a
%    standardized file header; if so, the filename, version and date
%    are scanned for and stored in a control sequence.
%
%    For maximum robustness, we strive to rely on the fewest possible
%    assumptions about what the file that is about to be input might
%    contain.
%
%    Assumption 1: Percent character \qc{\%} has category 14. I.e., if
%    the first line of the file to be input starts with \qc{\%}, it is
%    OK to throw away that line.
%
% \begin{macro}{\@percentchar}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\begingroup \lccode`\.=`\%%
\lowercase{\gdef\@percentchar{.}}%
\endgroup
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\fileversiondate}
%    The function \cw{fileversiondate} is not only a useful support
%    function for \cw{inputfwh}, it can also be used by itself at the
%    beginning of a file to set file name, version, and date correctly
%    even if the file is input by some means other than
%    \cw{inputfwh}\Dash assuming that the arguments of the
%    \cw{fileversiondate} command are kept properly up to date.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\fileversiondate#1#2#3{%
  \xp@\xdef\csname#1\endcsname{#2 (#3)}%
  \def\filename{#1}\def\fileversion{#2}%
  \def\filedate{#3}%
  \message{#1 \csname#1\endcsname}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
%    And now apply \cw{fileversiondate} to this file.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*209>
\fileversiondate{grabhedr.sty}{0.9j}{1994/11/08}
%</209>
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@filehdrstart}
%    \fn{filehdr.el} by default adds a string of equal signs (with an
%    initial comment prefix) at the very top of a file header. This
%    string must be scanned away first before we can start looking for
%    the real information of the file header.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\xdef\@filehdrstart{%
  \@percentchar\@percentchar\@percentchar\space
  ==================================%
  ==================================}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@scanfileheader}
%    The purpose of this function is just to scan up to the opening
%    brace that marks the beginning of the file header body.
%    Everything before that is ignored, not needed for our present
%    purposes.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\@scanfileheader#1@#2#{\@xscanfileheader}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@xscanfileheader}
%    Throw in some dummy values of version and date at the end so that
%    all we require from a file header is that the filename field must
%    be present.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\long\gdef\@xscanfileheader#1{%
  \@yscanfileheader#1{} version = "??",
  date = "??",\@yscanfileheader}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@yscanfileheader}
%    This function assumes that filename, version, and date of a file
%    are listed in that order (but not necessarily adjacent). It's
%    possible for the version and date to be missing, or out of order,
%    but the corresponding \tex/ variables \cw{fileversion} and
%    \cw{filedate} will not get set properly unless the order is:
%    filename, [\ldots,] version, [\ldots,] date. Trying to handle
%    different orderings would be desirable but I haven't yet been
%    struck by a suitable flash of insight on how to do it without
%    grubby, time-consuming picking apart of the entire file header.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\long\gdef\@yscanfileheader
  #1 filename = "#2",#3 version = "#4",%
  #5 date = "#6",#7\@yscanfileheader{%
  \endgroup
  \csname fileversiondate\endcsname{#2}{#4}{#6}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@readfirstheaderline}
%    This function has to look at the first line of the file to see if
%    it has the expected form for the first line of a file header.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\begingroup
\lccode`\$=`\^^M
\lowercase{\gdef\@readfirstheaderline#1$}{%
  \toks@{#1}%
  \edef\@tempa{\@percentchar\the\toks@}%
  \ifx\@tempa\@filehdrstart
    \endgroup \begingroup
    \catcode`\%=9 \catcode`\^^M=5 \catcode`\@=11
%    \end{macrocode}
%    Double quote and equals sign need to be category 12 in order for
%    the parameter matching of \cw{@xscanfileheader} to work, and
%    space needs its normal catcode of 10.
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \catcode`\ =10 \catcode`\==12 \catcode`\"=12
  \xp@\@scanfileheader
  \else
    \message{(* Missing file header? *)}%
    \afterfi\endgroup
  \fi}
\endgroup
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@xinputfwh}
%    An auxiliary function.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\@xinputfwh{%
  \ifx\next\@readfirstheaderline
%    \end{macrocode}
%    Sanitize a few characters. Otherwise an unmatched brace or other
%    special character might cause a problem in the process of reading
%    the first line as a macro argument.
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \catcode`\%=12 \catcode`\{=12 \catcode`\}=12
    \catcode`\\=12 \catcode`\^^L=12
    \catcode`\^=12
%    Unique terminator token for the first line.
    \catcode`\^^M=3\relax
  \else \endgroup\fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@inputfwh}
%    Auxiliary function, carries out the necessary \cw{futurelet}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\@inputfwh{\futurelet\next\@xinputfwh}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\inputfwh}
%    Strategy for (almost) bulletproof reading of the first line of
%    the input file is like this: Give the percent sign a special
%    catcode, then use \cw{futurelet} to freeze the catcode of the
%    first token in the input file. If the first token is {\em not\/}
%    a percent character, then fine, just close the group wherein the
%    percent character had its special catcode, and proceed with
%    normal input; the first token will have its proper catcode
%    because we did not change anything except the percent  character.
%    Otherwise, we still proceed with `normal' input execution, but by
%    making \qc{\%} active and defining it suitably, we can carry out
%    further tests to see if the first file line has the expected form
%    (three percent signs plus lots of equal signs).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\inputfwh#1{%
  \begingroup\catcode`\%=\active
  \endlinechar`\^^M\relax
  \lccode`\~=`\%\relax
  \lowercase{\let~}\@readfirstheaderline
  \xp@\@inputfwh\@@input #1\relax
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \section{Managing catcode changes}
%
%    A survey of other methods for saving and restoring catcodes would
%    be more work than I have time for at the moment. The method
%    given here is the best one I know (other methods use up one extra
%    control sequence name per file, or don't robustly
%    handle multiple levels of file nesting).
%
% \begin{macro}{\localcatcodes}
%    The \cw{localcatcodes} function changes catcodes according to the
%    character/catcode pairs given in its argument, saving the
%    previous catcode values of those characters on a stack so that
%    they can be retrieved later with \cw{restorecatcodes}. Example:
%\begin{usage}
%\localcatcodes{\@{11}\"\active}
%\end{usage}
%    to change the catcode of \cs{\@} to 11 (letter) and the catcode
%    of \qc{\"} to 13 (active). In \plaintex/ you'd better be careful
%    to use \qc{\+} instead of \cs{\+} in the argument of
%    \cw{localcatcodes} because of the outerness of \cs{\+}.
%
%    This function works by using token registers 0 and 4
%    to accumulate catcode assignment statements: in \cw{toks0} we put
%    the statements necessary to restore catcodes to their previous
%    values, while in \cw{toks 4} we put the statements necessary to
%    set catcodes to their new values.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\localcatcodes#1{%
  \ifx\@empty\@catcodestack
    \gdef\@catcodestack{{}}%
  \fi
  \def\do##1##2{%
    \ifnum##2>\z@
      \catcode\number`##1 \space
      \number\catcode`##1\relax
    \expandafter\do\fi}%
  \xdef\@catcodestack{{\do#1\relax\m@ne}%
    \@catcodestack}%
  \def\do##1##2{\catcode`##1 ##2\relax\do}%
  \do#1\ {\catcode32\let\do}%
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@catcodestack}
%    Init the stack with an empty element; otherwise popping the
%    next-to-last element would wrongly remove braces from the last
%    element. But as a matter of fact we could just as well initialize
%    \cw{@catcodestack} to empty because \cw{localcatcodes} is careful
%    to add an empty final element if necessary.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\@catcodestack{{}}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\restorecatcodes}
%    The function \cw{restorecatcodes} has to pop the stack and
%    execute the popped code.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\restorecatcodes{%
  \begingroup
  \ifx\@empty\@catcodestack
    \errmessage{Can't pop catcodes;
      \nx@\@catcodestack = empty}%
    \endgroup
  \else
    \def\do##1##2\do{%
      \gdef\@catcodestack{##2}%
%    \end{macrocode}
%    Notice the placement of \arg{1} after the \cw{endgroup}, so that
%    the catcode assignments are local assignments.
%    \begin{macrocode}
      \endgroup##1}%
    \xp@\do\@catcodestack\do
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \section{Trapping redundant input statements}
%    The utility \fn{listout.tex} calls \fn{menus.sty}, which calls
%    \fn{dialog.sty}, and all three of these files start by loading
%    \fn{grabhedr.sty} in order to take advantage of its functions
%    \cw{fileversiondate}, \cw{localcatcodes}, and \cw{inputfwh}. But
%    consequently, when \fn{listout.tex} is used there will be two
%    redundant attempts to load \fn{grabhedr.sty}. The straightforward
%    way to avoid the redundant input attempts would be to surround
%    them with an \cw{ifx} test:
%
%^^V \ifx\undefined\fileversiondate
%^^V   \input grabhedr.sty \relax
%^^V   \fileversiondate{foo.bar}{0.9e}{10-Jun-1993}
%^^V \fi
%
%    This method has a few drawbacks, however: (1)~the conditional
%    remains open throughout the processing of everything in
%    \fn{grabhedr.sty} and the \cw{fileversiondate} statement, which
%    makes any \cw{else} or \cw{fi} mismatch problems harder to debug;
%    (2)~if \cw{undefined} becomes accidentally defined the \cw{ifx}
%    test will fail; (3)~choosing the right control sequence to test
%    against \cw{undefined} requires a little care.
%
%    In a situation where we know that the file to be input has had
%    \cw{fileversiondate} applied to it, if it was already input, then
%    we have a failsafe control sequence that we can test to find out
%    whether the file has already been input\Dash the name
%    of the file. Assuming a standard form for the input statement
%    (one that will work with either plain \tex/ or \latex/, and makes
%    as few assumptions as possible), we can write a function that
%    will trap input statements and execute them only if the given
%    file has not yet been loaded:
%
%^^V \csname trap.input\endcsname
%^^V \input grabhedr.sty \relax
%^^V \fileversiondate{foo.bar}{1.2}{1993-Jun-07}
%
% \begin{macro}{\trap.input}
%    The function \cw{trap.input} scans for an input statement in
%    canonical form and executes it if and only if the file has not yet
%    been input (more precisely, if the control sequence consisting of
%    the file name is undefined, which means that it has not had
%    \cw{fileversiondate} applied to it). The canonical form
%    that I consider to be the best is \cw{input} \meta{full file
%    name}{\tt\char32 }\cw{relax}. Having the \cw{relax} means that the
%    input statement will not try to expand beyond the end of the line
%    if \cw{endlinechar} is catcoded to 9 (ignore), as is done rather
%    frequently now by progressive \tex/ programmers. The \cw{relax}
%    would ordinarily render the space after the file name unnecessary,
%    but I prefer leaving the space in to avoid interfering with
%    redefinitions of \cw{input} to take a space-delimited argument
%    that are occasionally done to achieve other special effects (see,
%    for example, ``Organizing a large collection of stylefiles'', by
%    Angelika Binding, {\sl Cahiers GUTenberg}, num\'ero 10--11,
%    septembre 1991, p.~175.) \latex/'s argument form
%    \cw{input}\verb"{...}" cannot, unfortunately, be the
%    canonical form if \plaintex/ compatibility is required.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\expandafter\gdef\csname trap.input\endcsname
  \input#1 \relax{%
    \expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax
      \afterfi\inputfwh{#1}\relax
    \fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%    End the group that encloses this entire file, and then call
%    \cw{endinput}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\endgroup
\endinput
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \CheckSum{294}
% \Finale
