%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
% examdoc.tex
%
% This is the documentation for the exam documentclass, 
% by Philip Hirschhorn.
%
% The exam documentclass itself is in the file exam.cls.


%%% Copyright (c) 2000 Philip S. Hirschhorn
%
% This program may be distributed and/or modified under the
% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.2
% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
% The latest version of this license is in
%   http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX 
% version 1999/12/01 or later.
%
% This program consists of the files exam.cls and examdoc.tex

% The user documentation for exam.cls is in the file examdoc.tex.


%%% Philip Hirschhorn
%%% Department of Mathematics
%%% Wellesley College
%%% Wellesley, MA 02481
%%% psh@poincare.wellesley.edu
%%% psh@math.mit.edu

% The newest version of this documentclass should always be available
% from my web page: http://www-math.mit.edu/~psh/


%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%--------------------------------------------------------------------


\documentclass[12pt]{exam}

\newcommand{\docversion}{2.01}
\newcommand{\docdate}{October 10, 2000}

%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%
% The only change from version 2.0 to version 2.01 is that this
% documentclass (and its accompanying documentation) is now 
% explicitly distributed under the LaTeX Project Public License.
%
%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\newenvironment{example}%
   {\bigskip\filbreak
    \subsubsection{Example:}
   }%
   {}


\def\samplehead#1#2#3#4{%
  \begin{trivlist}
     \item[]
     \leavevmode
     \hbox to \textwidth{%
         \rlap{\parbox[b]{\textwidth}{\raggedright#1\strut}}%
         \hfil\parbox[b]{\textwidth}{\centering#2\strut}\hfil
         \llap{\parbox[b]{\textwidth}{\raggedleft#3\strut}}%
  }% hbox
  #4
  \end{trivlist}
}

\def\samplefoot#1#2#3#4{%
  \begin{trivlist}
     \item[]
     \leavevmode
     #1
     \vskip 3pt

     \hbox to \textwidth{%
         \rlap{\parbox[t]{\textwidth}{\raggedright#2}}%
         \hfil\parbox[t]{\textwidth}{\centering#3}\hfil
         \llap{\parbox[t]{\textwidth}{\raggedleft#4}}%
  }% hbox
  \end{trivlist}
}



\makeatletter
\@ifundefined{AmS}{\def\AmS{{\protect\the\textfont\tw@
  A\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{M}\kern-.125emS}}}
  {}
\makeatother


%---------------------------------------------------------------------
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
%---------------------------------------------------------------------

\begin{document}

\title{Using the exam document class}

\author{Philip Hirschhorn\\
Department of Mathematics\\
Wellesley College\\
Wellesley, MA 02481\\
psh@math.mit.edu}

\date{\docdate}

\maketitle

\begin{center}
  \small
  This is the documentation for the \verb"exam" document class,
  version~\docversion.
\end{center}

\tableofcontents

\section{Introduction}

The file \verb"exam.cls" provides the \verb"exam" document class,
which attempts to make it easy for even a \LaTeX{} novice to prepare
exams.  Most of what's done by the \verb"exam" document class can also
be accomplished by using \verb"fancyheadings.sty", adjusting \LaTeX's
page layout parameters (perhaps by using \verb"fullpage.sty"), and
making careful use of the \verb"list" environment, but the \verb"exam"
document class tries to make all this as simple as possible.

Specifically, \verb"exam.cls" sets the page layout so that there are
one inch margins all around (on standard American letter size paper),
and provides commands that make it easy to format questions and create
very flexible headers and footers.  In particular:
\begin{itemize}
\item The class will automatically format and number the questions,
  parts of questions, and subparts of questions, while making it easy
  to refer to specific questions by number in any special directions
  you need to print on the exam.
\item You can include the point value of each question (or part, or
  subpart), with your choice of having the point values either at the
  beginning of the text of the question or in the left margin.  The
  class will add up the total points on the exam, and make that total
  available in a macro.
\item You can specify the header in three parts: The left head, the
  center head, and the right head.  The left head is left justified,
  the center head is centered, and the right head is right justified,
  and one or all of these can be omitted.
\item The footer is also specified in three parts: Left justified,
  centered, and right justified.
\item The header and footer for the first page can be different from
  the ones used on other pages.
\item Both headers and footers can contain more than one line.  To
  accommodate headers and footers with many lines, simple commands are
  provided to increase the parts of the page devoted to the header
  and/or footer, and these commands can give one amount of space on
  the first page and a different amount of space on all other pages.
\item Macros are defined to enable you to state in the header and/or
  footer the total number of pages in the exam, and to change the
  header and/or footer that appears on the \emph{last} page of the
  exam.
\item You can have a horizontal rule at the base of the header and/or
  at the top of the footer.
\end{itemize}

%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{The \texttt{documentclass} command}

To use the \verb"exam" document class, you should specify \verb"exam"
as your main document class.  For example, if you want to use
12~point type, then your \verb"documentclass" command should be
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\documentclass[12pt]{exam}"
\end{center}
%
If you would also like to use some of the features of \AmS-\LaTeX,
then you should use the commands
%
\begin{center}
  \begin{tabular}{l}
    \verb"\documentclass[12pt]{exam}"\\
    \verb"\usepackage{amsmath}"
  \end{tabular}
\end{center}

%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Asking for the student's name}

This isn't anything specific to the \verb"exam" document class, but
it's worth mentioning because it isn't obvious.  If you're leaving
space for the answers on the question pages (see
section~\ref{sec:LeaveSpace}), then you'll probably also want to leave
space for the student's name.  If you type
%
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{center}
  \fbox{\fbox{\parbox{5.5in}{\centering
        Answer the questions in the spaces provided on the
        question sheets.  If you run out of room for an answer,
        continue on the back of the page.}}}
\end{center}

\vspace{0.1in}

\hbox to \textwidth{Name and section:\enspace\hrulefill}

\vspace{0.2in}

\hbox to \textwidth{Instructor's name:\enspace\hrulefill}
\end{verbatim}
%
after the \verb"\begin{document}" command and before the
\verb"\begin{questions}" command (see section~\ref{sec:Questions}),
then you'll get\\
\noindent
\parbox{\textwidth}{
\begin{center}
  \fbox{\fbox{\parbox{5.5in}{\centering
        Answer the questions in the spaces provided on the
        question sheets.  If you run out of room for an answer,
        continue on the back of the page.}}}
\end{center}

\vspace{0.1in}

\hbox to \textwidth{Name and section:\enspace\hrulefill}

\vspace{0.2in}

\hbox to \textwidth{Instructor's name:\enspace\hrulefill}
}


%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Questions}
\label{sec:Questions}

To type the questions in the exam, you use the \verb"questions"
environment.  Each question is then begun with the command
\verb"\question", and the questions will be numbered automatically.

For example, if you type
%
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{questions}

\question
Why is there air?

\question

How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck
wood?

\question
Compute $\displaystyle\int_0^1 x^2 \, dx$.
\end{questions}
\end{verbatim}
%
then you'll get
%
\begin{questions}

\question
Why is there air?

\question

How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck
wood?

\question
Compute $\displaystyle\int_0^1 x^2 \, dx$.
\end{questions}

\bigskip

As the above example illustrates, you can leave blank lines between
the \verb"\question" command and the actual beginning of the
question, or before the first \verb"\question" command in the
environment, and they will be ignored.


%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{Questions with parts and subparts}

If you want a question to have several parts, then you use the
\verb"parts" environment.  For example, if you type
%
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{questions}
\question
Why is there air?

\question
What if there were no air?

\begin{parts}
\part
Describe the effect on the balloon industry.

\part
Describe the effect on the aircraft industry.
\end{parts}

\question

\begin{parts}
\part
Define the universe.  Give three examples.

\part
If the universe were to end, how would you know?

\end{parts}


\end{questions}
\end{verbatim}
%
then you'll get
\begin{questions}
\question
Why is there air?

\question
What if there were no air?

\begin{parts}
\part
Describe the effect on the balloon industry.

\part
Describe the effect on the aircraft industry.
\end{parts}

\question

\begin{parts}
\part
Define the universe.  Give three examples.

\part
If the universe were to end, how would you know?

\end{parts}


\end{questions}

\bigskip

The above example illustrates several things:
%
\begin{itemize}
\item
Parts of a question should be put into a \verb"parts" environment.

\item
If a question begins with a \verb"parts" environment, then the first
part will appear on the same line with the question number.

\item
You can leave blank lines before and after the \verb"\part" command,
and they will be ignored.
\end{itemize}


\bigskip

There is also a \verb"subparts" environment, and it works just as you
would expect.  For example, if you type
%
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{questions}
\question
This is the first question.

\question
This is the second question.

\begin{parts}
\part
This is the first part.

\part
This is the second part.

\begin{subparts}
\subpart
This is the first subpart.

\subpart
This is the second subpart.

\subpart
This is the third subpart.

\end{subparts}

\part
This is the third part.

\end{parts}

\question
\begin{parts}
\part
\begin{subparts}
\subpart
This is a subpart.

\subpart
This is another subpart.
\end{subparts}
\part
This is another part.

\end{parts}


\end{questions}
\end{verbatim}
%
then you'll get
\begin{questions}
\question
This is the first question.

\question
This is the second question.

\begin{parts}
\part
This is the first part.

\part
This is the second part.

\begin{subparts}
\subpart
This is the first subpart.

\subpart
This is the second subpart.

\subpart
This is the third subpart.

\end{subparts}

\part
This is the third part.

\end{parts}

\question
\begin{parts}
\part
\begin{subparts}
\subpart
This is a subpart.

\subpart
This is another subpart.
\end{subparts}
\part
This is another part.

\end{parts}


\end{questions}


%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{Point values for the questions}
\label{sec:points}

Each of the commands \verb"\question", \verb"\part" and
\verb"\subpart" take an optional argument, which is the number of
points for that question, part, or subpart.  The default is that the
point value will be inserted at the beginning of the question (or
part, or subpart) in parentheses, but if you give the command
\verb"\pointsinmargin", then the point values will be set in the left
margin.  For example, if you type
%
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{questions}
\question[20]
Why is there air?


\question
What if there were no air?

\begin{parts}
\part[10]
Describe the effect on the balloon industry.

\part[10]
Describe the effect on the aircraft industry.
\end{parts}

\end{questions}
\end{verbatim}
%
then, with the default setup, you'll get
\nopointsinmargin
\begin{questions}
\question[20]
Why is there air?


\question
What if there were no air?

\begin{parts}
\part[10]
Describe the effect on the balloon industry.

\part[10]
Describe the effect on the aircraft industry.
\end{parts}

\end{questions}
\bigskip
If you give the command \verb"\pointsinmargin", then the above input
will produce instead
\pointsinmargin
\begin{questions}
\question[20]
Why is there air?


\question
What if there were no air?

\begin{parts}
\part[10]
Describe the effect on the balloon industry.

\part[10]
Describe the effect on the aircraft industry.
\end{parts}

\end{questions}

If you want to switch back and forth between the two formats during
the exam, you can do so by giving the command \verb"\pointsinmargin"
or \verb"\nopointsinmargin" whenever you want to switch.

%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsubsection{Putting a box around the points}
\label{sec:Boxed}

If you prefer having the points enclosed in a box, instead of in
parentheses, give the command
\begin{center}
  \verb"\boxedpoints"
\end{center}
For example, if you give the command \verb"\boxedpoints" without also
giving the command \verb"\nopointsinmargin", then the questions typed
above will produce
\nopointsinmargin
\boxedpoints
\begin{questions}
\question[20]
Why is there air?


\question
What if there were no air?

\begin{parts}
\part[10]
Describe the effect on the balloon industry.

\part[10]
Describe the effect on the aircraft industry.
\end{parts}

\end{questions}
If you give the commands \verb"\boxedpoints" and
\verb"\pointsinmargin", then the above questions will produce
\boxedpoints
\pointsinmargin
\begin{questions}
\question[20]
Why is there air?


\question
What if there were no air?

\begin{parts}
\part[10]
Describe the effect on the balloon industry.

\part[10]
Describe the effect on the aircraft industry.
\end{parts}

\end{questions}

If you want to switch back and forth between the two formats during
the exam, you can do so by giving the command \verb"\boxedpoints" or
\verb"\noboxedpoints" whenever you want to switch.





%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsubsection{Using a substitute for the word ``points''}
\label{sec:pointname}

If you want the point value to be inserted at the beginning of the
text of the question (i.e., using the default,
\verb"\nopointsinmargin"), but you want to label it with some word
other than ``points'', then you can change the word inserted by using
the \verb"\pointname" command.  If you give the command
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\pointname{text}"
\end{center}
%
then ``text'' will be inserted inside the parentheses immediately
after the point value.  For example, if you give the command
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\pointname{\%}"
\end{center}
%
and then type
%
\begin{verbatim}
\question[25]
Where, oh where, has my little dog gone?
\end{verbatim}
%
then you'll get
\pointname{\%}
\nopointsinmargin
\noboxedpoints
\begin{questions}
\question[25]
Where, oh where, has my little dog gone?
\end{questions}
%
Using the default is equivalent to giving the command
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\pointname{ points}"
\end{center}
%
\pointname{ points}
(Note that the space following the point value must be explicitly
included.)

Similarly, the command \verb"\marginpointname" can be used to affect
the text set with the number of points when \verb"\pointsinmargin" is
in effect.  For example, if you give the commands
\begin{center}
  \begin{tabular}{l}
    \verb"\pointsinmargin"\\
    \verb"\marginpointname{\%}"
  \end{tabular}
\end{center}
and then type
\begin{verbatim}
\question[25]
Where, oh where, has my little dog gone?
\end{verbatim}
then you'll get
\pointsinmargin
\noboxedpoints
\marginpointname{\%}
\begin{questions}
\question[25]
Where, oh where, has my little dog gone?
\end{questions}
unless, of course, you've also given the command \verb"\boxedpoints",
in which case you'll get
\pointsinmargin
\boxedpoints
\marginpointname{\%}
\begin{questions}
\question[25]
Where, oh where, has my little dog gone?
\end{questions}
Using the default is equivalent to giving the command
\begin{center}
  \verb"\marginpointname{}"
\end{center}


%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsubsection{Questions that begin with a parts environment}

One thing to keep in mind is that \emph{only one point value can
  appear on a line, and it will be the last one to be placed there}.
This matters only if a question begins with a parts environment, or if
a part begins with a subparts environment.  In either of these cases,
the question number and part number (or the part number and subpart
number) will appear on the same line, and if both of these commands
include an optional point value, \emph{only the last one given will be
  used}.  For example, if you type
%
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{questions}
\question[10]
\begin{parts}
\part[5]
Who put the ``bop'' in the ``bop, sh-bop sh-bop''?

\part[5]
Who put the ``ram'' in the ``rama, rama ding-dong''?
\end{parts}
\end{questions}
\end{verbatim}
%
then you'll get
%
\noboxedpoints
\marginpointname{}
\begin{questions}
\question[10]
\begin{parts}
\part[5]
Who put the ``bop'' in the ``bop, sh-bop sh-bop''?

\part[5]
Who put the ``ram'' in the ``rama, rama ding-dong''?
\end{parts}
\end{questions}
%
Notice that the 10~points for the entire question are never mentioned
anywhere, since they would have appeared on the same line with the
5~points for the first part, and the 5~points for the part were
placed later.  This is true whether \verb"\pointsinmargin" or
\verb"\nopointsinmargin" is in effect.

%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{Counting the questions and adding up the points}
\label{sec:Count}

The \verb"exam" document class automatically counts the numbers of
questions, parts, and subparts, and makes these numbers available as
the macros
\begin{center}
  \begin{tabular}{l}
    \verb"\numquestions"\\
    \verb"\numparts"\\
    \verb"\numsubparts"
  \end{tabular}
\end{center}
These numbers are also printed on the screen when you run \LaTeX, and
they are placed into the \verb".log" file as well.  If you have more
than one \verb"questions" environment (for example, if your exam has
several parts, with the questions in each part numbered beginning with
``1''), then \verb"\numquestions" will hold the total number of
questions on the exam.

If you give the command
\begin{center}
  \verb"\addpoints"
\end{center}
then the class will add the total number of points that you've given
to all of the questions, parts, and subparts of the exam, and make
that total available in the macro
\begin{center}
  \verb"\numpoints"
\end{center}
(If you do give the command \verb"\addpoints", then the total number
of points will also be displayed on the screen when you run \LaTeX,
and placed into the \verb".log" file as well.)  Thus, if you give the
command \verb"\addpoints" (after the \verb"\documentclass" command and
before the \verb"\begin{document}" command), and then type
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{center}
  This exam has \numquestions\ questions, for a total of \numpoints\ 
  points.
\end{center}
\end{verbatim}
after the \verb"\begin{document}" command, then you'll get
\begin{center}
  This exam has 8 questions, for a total of 120 points.
\end{center}


\emph{Warning}: If you give the command \verb"\addpoints", your point
values for questions, parts, and subparts must not contain anything
other than digits.  For example, if you \emph{don't} give the command
\verb"\addpoints", then you can type
\begin{verbatim}
\question[10\%]
\end{verbatim}
with no problems, but this will cause errors if you've given the
command \verb"\addpoints".  The correct way to accomplish what you
want is to give the command \verb"\marginpointname{\%}" or
\verb"\pointname{\%}" and then type \verb"\question[10]" (see
section~\ref{sec:pointname}). 

If you want to temporarily turn off the adding of points (for example,
if you list both the total points for each question and the points for
each part, but you don't want to count the points twice), you can give
the command
\begin{center}
  \verb"\noaddpoints"
\end{center}
to turn off the adding of points, and the command \verb"\addpoints" to
turn it back on.


%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{Including special instructions for a group of questions}
\label{sec:uplevel}

There are two commands provided for including special instructions
for specific questions: \verb"\uplevel" and \verb"\fullwidth".  These
commands allow you to give instructions that will be set with the
left indentation appropriate for the scope of the instructions.

For example, if you are inside of a parts environment, and you want
to give directions for the next few parts, then those directions
should be indented to the level of the question of which they are
parts, i.e., up one level.  If you type
%
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{questions}
\question
Why did you come to Casablanca?

\question
\begin{parts}
\part
This is the first part.

\uplevel{The following two parts should be answered in classical
Greek:}
\part
Why do birds sing?

\part
Why do fools fall in love?

\end{parts}
\end{questions}
\end{verbatim}
%
then you'll get
\begin{questions}
\question
Why did you come to Casablanca?


\question
\begin{parts}
\part
This is the first part.

\uplevel{The following two parts should be answered in classical
Greek:}
\part
Why do birds sing?

\part
Why do fools fall in love?

\end{parts}
\end{questions}




\bigskip
If you want to give instructions for a group of questions, then the
indenting for those instructions should be to the outer left margin,
i.e., up one level.  For example, if you type
%
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{questions}
\question
Approximate $\displaystyle \int_0^1 \sin x^2 \, dx$ within $.001$ of
its true value.

\uplevel{Questions \ref{exact-start} through~\ref{exact-end} should
be evaluated completely, not just approximated.}

\question
\label{exact-start}
$\displaystyle \int_0^1 \frac{x^2 \, dx}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}$

\question
$\displaystyle \int_0^1 \frac{1}{1+x^2}\, dx$

\question
\label{exact-end}
$\displaystyle \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^3 x \cos x \, dx$
\end{questions}
\end{verbatim}
%
you'll get
\begin{questions}
\question
Approximate $\displaystyle \int_0^1 \sin x^2 \, dx$ within $.001$ of
its true value.

\uplevel{Questions \ref{exact-start} through~\ref{exact-end} should
be evaluated completely, not just approximated.}

\question
\label{exact-start}
$\displaystyle \int_0^1 \frac{x^2 \, dx}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}$

\question
$\displaystyle \int_0^1 \frac{1}{1+x^2}\, dx$

\question
\label{exact-end}
$\displaystyle \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \sin^3 x \cos x \, dx$
\end{questions}






\bigskip
If you want to give instructions that use the full width of the page
(rather than just going up one level of indentation), then use the
\verb"\fullwidth" command.  For example, if you type
%
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{questions}
\question
This is the first question.

\question
\begin{parts}
\part
This is the first part.

\part
This is the second part.
\begin{subparts}
\subpart
This is a subpart.

\fullwidth{When you finish this exam, you should go back and
reexamine your work, both on the earlier part of this exam and in
your life up until the day of this exam, for any errors that you may
have made.}

\subpart
This is another subpart.
\end{subparts}
\end{parts}
\end{questions}
\end{verbatim}
%
then you'll get
\begin{questions}
\question
This is the first question.

\question
\begin{parts}
\part
This is the first part.

\part
This is the second part.
\begin{subparts}
\subpart
This is a subpart.

\fullwidth{When you finish this exam, you should go back and
reexamine your work, both on the earlier part of this exam and in
your life up until the day of this exam, for any errors that you may
have made.}

\subpart
This is another subpart.
\end{subparts}
\end{parts}
\end{questions}



%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsubsection*{Referring to specific questions by number}

You can use the standard \LaTeX{} commands \verb"\label" and
\verb"\ref" to refer to questions (or parts, or subparts) by number. 
For example, if you type
%
\begin{verbatim}
The first question is question number~\ref{ques:first}, but it's
question number~\ref{ques:second} that has both a good part
(part~\ref{part:good}) and a bad part (part~\ref{part:bad}).

\begin{questions}
\question
\label{ques:first}
This is the first question.

\question
\label{ques:second}
\begin{parts}
\part
\label{part:good}
This is the good part.

\part
\lable{part:bad}
This is the \emph{bad} part.
\end{parts}

\question
Is there a question?
\end{questions}
\end{verbatim}
%
then you'll get:

\medskip

The first question is question number~\ref{ques:first}, but it's
question number~\ref{ques:second} that has both a good part
(part~\ref{part:good}) and a bad part (part~\ref{part:bad}).

\begin{questions}
\question
\label{ques:first}
This is the first question.

\question
\label{ques:second}
\begin{parts}
\part
\label{part:good}
This is the good part.

\part
\label{part:bad}
This is the \emph{bad} part.
\end{parts}

\question
Is there a question?
\end{questions}



\bigskip

As with all other cross references in \LaTeX, you'll have to run your
file through \LaTeX{} \emph{twice} to be sure that all the cross
references are correct.



%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{Naming the parts of a long exam}

There are two ways of naming the parts of a long exam.  The first way
uses the \verb"\fullwidth" and \verb"\uplevel" commands (see
section~\ref{sec:uplevel}), and the other way uses the standard
\verb"\part" and \verb"\section" commands.




\subsubsection{Using \texttt{fullwidth} and \texttt{uplevel}}

To place a section name in the exam, just use a \verb"\fullwidth"
command (see section~\ref{sec:uplevel}) and include whatever font
changing commands that you want to use.  For example, if you type
%
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{questions}
\question
Is there, is there balm in Gilead?

\fullwidth{\Large\bf Essay questions}

\question
Explain how the cooling of matter in the centuries following the big
bang has influenced the British parliamentary system of government.

\fullwidth{\Large\bf Laboratory questions}

\question
In the cabinet below your laboratory bench you will find a single
edged razor blade, several C-clamps, and a bottle of whiskey.  Remove
your appendix.  Do not suture until your work has been inspected.
\end{questions}
\end{verbatim}
%
then you'll get
%
\begin{questions}
\question
Is there, is there balm in Gilead?

\fullwidth{\Large\bf Essay questions}

\question
Explain how the cooling of matter in the centuries following the big
bang has influenced the British parliamentary system of government.

\fullwidth{\Large\bf Laboratory questions}

\question
In the cabinet below your laboratory bench you will find a single
edged razor blade, several C-clamps, and a bottle of whiskey.  Remove
your appendix.  Do not suture until your work has been inspected.
\end{questions}






\subsubsection{Using the standard sectioning commands}

The exam document class is built upon the standard article document
class, and so the sectioning commands used with the article document
class can be used here as well.  In particular, you can give the
commands \verb"\part", \verb"\part*", \verb"\section", and
\verb"\section*".  The definitions made in \verb"exam.cls" ensure that
if a \verb"\part" command appears \emph{outside of a parts
  environment} it will be interpreted as a sectioning command, while
if it appears \emph{inside} of a parts environment, it will be
interpreted as beginning a new part of a question.



You can give these commands in the middle of a questions environment
so as not to interrupt the numbering of the questions, or you can end
a questions environment, give a sectioning command, and then start a
new questions environment (which would reset the question counter
to start again with number~1).  If you give any of these commands
while inside of a questions environment, then the section titles will
be indented to the same extent that questions are indented, unless
they are given as the argument of a \verb"\fullwidth" or
\verb"\uplevel" command.  These
commands have the advantage, however, that the unstarred versions
provide automatic numbering of the parts (or sections).
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{Leaving space for the answers}
\label{sec:LeaveSpace}

To leave a specific amount of blank space on the page for the answer
to a question, you should use the \verb"\vspace*" command.  For
example, the command \verb"\vspace*{1in}" inserts one inch of vertical
space after the line in which it appears.  (If it appears in between
paragraphs, then it inserts the space right there.)  You can also use
the \verb"\vspace" command, the difference being that any space
inserted by \verb"\vspace" will be deleted if it occurs at the top
of a new page, whereas space inserted by \verb"\vspace*" will never
be deleted.

If you want to equally distribute the blank space among the questions
on the page, then just put \verb"\vspace*{\fill}" after each question
on the page and use \verb"\newpage" to end the page.

%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{Changing the page size}
\label{sec:pagesize}

The exam document class arranges things so that if you print onto
standard American letter size paper (8.5~inches wide by 11~inches
high) you'll get one inch margins at the top, bottom and
sides.  If you want to change the size of these margins (or if you're
printing onto some other size paper), commands are provided to change
the size of the printed area.

To change the width of the printed area, you would use the
\verb"\extrawidth" command.  The \verb"\extrawidth" command takes one
argument and enlarges the width of the printed area by the amount of
the argument.  It keeps the printed area centered as it changes its
width.  If the argument is negative, then the width of the printed
area is decreased.

For example, to enlarge the left and right margins by one half inch
each, you would use the command
\begin{center}
  \verb"\extrawidth{-1in}"
\end{center}
since the printed region must shrink by one inch to allow an
additional one half inch on both sides.  To decrease the left and
right margins to three quarters of an inch each, you would use the
command 
\begin{center}
  \verb"\extrawidth{.5in}"
\end{center}
since the printed region must grow by one half inch to decrease both
margins by one quarter of an inch.

To change the height of the printed area, you must choose whether the
top or the bottom of the printed area (or possibly both) should move.
The commands for this are principally intended to allow additional
room for large headers and footers, and so they are called
\verb"\extraheadheight" and \verb"\extrafootheight".  For a full
description of these commands, see section~\ref{sec:extra-room}.

To move the top of the printed region (and any header that's present)
downwards, you use the command \verb"\extraheadheight".  This command
takes one argument and moves the top of the text and the header down
by this amount (keeping the distance between header and text
constant).  Thus, to increase the top margin by three quarters of an
inch, you would give the command
\begin{center}
  \verb"\extraheadheight{.75in}"
\end{center}
To decrease the top margin by one half inch, you would give the
command 
\begin{center}
  \verb"\extraheadheight{-.5in}"
\end{center}
The \verb"\extraheadheight" command takes an optional argument to
provide a top margin on the first page that's different from that on
all other pages.  For an explanation of this, see
section~\ref{sec:extra-room}.


To move the bottom of the printed region (and any footer that's
present) upwards, you use the command \verb"\extrafootheight".  This
command takes one argument, and moves the bottom of the text and the
footer up by this amount (keeping the distance between footer and text
constant).  Thus, to increase the bottom margin by three quarters of an
inch, you would give the command
\begin{center}
  \verb"\extrafootheight{.75in}"
\end{center}
To decrease the bottom margin by one half inch, you would give the
command
\begin{center}
  \verb"\extrafootheight{-.5in}"
\end{center}
The \verb"\extrafootheight" command takes an optional argument to
provide a bottom margin on the first page that's different from that
on all other pages.  For an explanation of this, see
section~\ref{sec:extra-room}.



%--------------------------------------------------------------------
%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\section{Headers and footers}


The following sections explain all of the technicalities of the
commands that deal with headers and footers.  There are a number of
things to explain here, and so you may find it easier to skip this
section and instead look at the examples in
sections~\ref{sec:beginexamples} through~\ref{sec:endexamples} (on
pages~\pageref{sec:beginexamples} through~\pageref{sec:endexamples}).
You can then refer back to the technical sections for the full story
on whatever isn't clear from the examples.  All of the commands
described in this section should be given after the
\verb"\documentclass" command and before the \verb"\begin{document}"
  command.

%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{Page styles: Headers and/or footers}

It's the \verb"\pagestyle" command that determines whether the exam
will have headers, footers, both, or neither.  The contents of the
header and footer are specified using the commands described in
sections~\ref{sec:header} through~\ref{sec:rules}, but it's the
\verb"\pagestyle" command that determines whether the header and
footer that you construct will actually be placed onto the page.  The
\verb"\pagestyle" command should be given after the
\verb"\documentclass" command and before the \verb"\begin{document}"
  command.

To have both a header and a footer, give the command
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\pagestyle{headandfoot}"
\end{center}
%
If you want every page to have a header but no footer, give the
command
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\pagestyle{head}"
\end{center}
%
To give every page a foot but no head, give the command
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\pagestyle{foot}"
\end{center}
%
Finally, to omit both the header and the footer from the page, give
the command
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\pagestyle{empty}"
\end{center}


\bigskip


As is true in all \LaTeX{} document classes, you can change the page
style used on a single page by giving the command
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\thispagestyle{somestyle}"
\end{center}
%
somewhere on that page (where \verb"somestyle" is the style that you
want to use on that page).  This is most often needed if you use the
\verb"\maketitle" command, since that command inserts a
\verb"\thispagestyle{plain}" immediately following the title.  If you
use the \verb"\maketitle" command and you want the entire document to
use \verb"\pagestyle{headandfoot}", then you'll need to put the
command \verb"\thispagestyle{headandfoot}" immediately after the
\verb"\maketitle" command to override the \verb"\thispagestyle{plain}"
that is inserted by \verb"\maketitle".
 

%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{The three parts of the header} 
\label{sec:header}
The header is specified in three parts:
%
\begin{itemize}
\item
One part to be left justified.

\item
One part to be centered.

\item
One part to be right justified.
\end{itemize}
%
There are two different ways in which you can specify the three parts
of the header.  The first uses the single command \verb"\header" to
specify all three parts of the header, or the commands
\verb"\firstpageheader" and \verb"\runningheader" to specify a
different header for the first page (see
section~\ref{sec:runningheader}). The second uses the commands
\verb"\lhead", \verb"\chead", and \verb"\rhead", each of which takes
an optional argument to specify a different header for the first page
(see section~\ref{sec:lhead}).  All of these commands should be given
after the \verb"\documentclass" command and before the
\verb"\begin{document}" command.



%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsubsection{Using \texttt{header}, \texttt{firstpageheader} and
    \texttt{runningheader}}
\label{sec:runningheader}


The command \verb"\header{Text 1}{Text 2}{Text 3}" puts ``Text~1''
into the left justified header, ``Text~2'' into the centered header
and ``Text~3'' into the right justified header on every page.  If you
want the header on the first page to be different from that on the
other pages, then you should use the commands \verb"\firstpageheader"
and \verb"\runningheader", which also take three arguments and affect
either the first page or all pages except the first.


For example, to put the header
\samplehead{Math 115}{Second Exam}{July 4, 1776}{}
on every page of the exam, you would give the command
%
\begin{verbatim}
\header{Math 115}{Second Exam}{July 4, 1776}
\end{verbatim}

If you want to have different header on the first page from the header
on all other pages, you would use the commands \verb"\firstpageheader"
and \verb"\runningheader" instead of \verb"\header".
For example, if you want the above header for the first
page, but on all pages after the first you want to have the header
\samplehead{Math 115}{Second Exam (Continued)}{July 4, 1776}{}
then you would give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\firstpageheader{Math 115}{Second Exam}{July 4, 1776}
\runningheader{Math 115}{Second Exam (Continued)}{July 4, 1776}
\end{verbatim}


You can leave one or more of the three parts empty.  To have the
header
\samplehead{Math 115}{Second Exam}{July 4, 1776}{}
on the first page, with the header
\samplehead{Math 115}{}{Second Exam (Continued)}{}
on all other pages, you would give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\firstpageheader{Math 115}{Second Exam}{July 4, 1776}
\runningheader{Math 115}{}{Second Exam (Continued)}
\end{verbatim}
%

Any of the three parts of the header can have multiple lines.  To
specify where the line breaks should go, you just type \verb"\\". 
Thus, to have the header
\samplehead{\bf\large Math 115\\Professor Hilbert}{}
       {\bf\large First Exam\\July 4, 1776}{}
appear on every page, you would give the command
%
\begin{verbatim}
\header{\bf\large Math 115\\Professor Hilbert}%
       {}%
       {\bf\large First Exam\\July 4, 1776}
\end{verbatim}


%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsubsection{Using \texttt{lhead}, \texttt{chead} and \texttt{rhead}}
\label{sec:lhead}

The command \verb"\lhead{Text}" puts ``Text'' into the left justified
part of the header on every page.  The command
\verb"\lhead[Text 1]{Text 2}" puts ``Text~1'' into the left justified
header on the first page and ``Text~2'' into the left justified header
on all other pages.  The commands \verb"\chead" and \verb"\rhead" have
similar effects on the centered and right justified parts of the
header.


For example, to put the header 
\samplehead{Math 115}{Second Exam}{July 4, 1776}{}
on every page of the exam, you would give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\lhead{Math 115}
\chead{Second Exam}
\rhead{July 4, 1776}
\end{verbatim}

If you want any of the three parts to have a special version to be
used only on the first page, then you just include that special
version as an optional argument (enclosed in square brackets) to the
command.  For example, if you want the above header for the first
page, but on all pages after the first you want to have the header
\samplehead{Math 115}{Second Exam (Continued)}{July 4, 1776}{}
then you would give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\lhead{Math 115}
\chead[Second Exam]{Second Exam (Continued)}
\rhead{July 4, 1776}
\end{verbatim}


You can leave one or more of the three parts empty.  To have the
header
\samplehead{Math 115}{Second Exam}{July 4, 1776}{}
on the first page, with the header
\samplehead{Math 115}{}{Second Exam (Continued)}{}
on all other pages, you would give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\pagestyle{headandfoot}
\lhead{Math 115}
\chead[Second Exam]{}
\rhead[July 4, 1776]{Second Exam Continued)}
\end{verbatim}
%

Any of the three parts of the header can have multiple lines.  To
specify where the line breaks should go, you just type \verb"\\". 
Thus, to have the header
\samplehead{\bf\large Math 115\\Professor Hilbert}{}
       {\bf\large First Exam\\July 4, 1776}{}
appear on every page, you would give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\lhead{\bf\large Math 115\\Professor Hilbert}
\chead{}
\rhead{\bf\large First Exam\\July 4, 1776}
\end{verbatim}


%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsubsection*{Leaving extra room for multiple line headers}

See section~\ref{sec:extra-room} for a description of the
\verb"\extraheadheight" command.


%---------------------------------------------------------------------

\subsection{The three parts of the footer}
\label{sec:footer}

The footer is composed of three parts, the whole setup being similar
to that for the header (see section~\ref{sec:header}).  There are two
different ways in which you can specify the three parts of the footer.
The first uses the single command \verb"\footer" to specify all three
parts of the footer, or the commands \verb"\firstpagefooter" and
\verb"\runningfooter" to specify a different footer for the first page
(see section~\ref{sec:runningfooter}).  The second uses the commands
\verb"\lfoot", \verb"\cfoot", and \verb"\rfoot", each of which takes
an optional argument to specify a different footer for the first page
(see section~\ref{sec:lfoot}).  All of these commands should be given
after the \verb"\documentclass" command and before the
\verb"\begin{document}" command.

%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsubsection{Using \texttt{footer}, \texttt{firstpagefooter}
   and \texttt{runningfooter}}
\label{sec:runningfooter}

The command \verb"\footer{Text 1}{Text 2}{Text 3}" puts ``Text~1''
into the left justified footer, ``Text~2'' into the centered footer
and ``Text~3'' into the right justified footer on every page.  If you
want the footer on the first page to be different from that on the
other pages, then you should use the commands \verb"\firstpagefooter"
and \verb"\runningfooter", which also take three arguments and affect
either the first page or all pages except the first.


For example, to have an empty footer on the first page and the footer
\samplefoot{}{}{Page 3 of 5}{}
on all pages after the first, you would give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\firstpagefooter{}{}{}
\runningfooter{}{Page \thepage\ of \numpages}{}
\end{verbatim}
%
(For an explanation of the \verb"\numpages" command, see
section~\ref{sec:numpages}.)  



%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsubsection{Using \texttt{lfoot}, \texttt{cfoot} and \texttt{rfoot}}
\label{sec:lfoot}

The command \verb"\lfoot{Text}" puts ``Text'' into the left justified
part of the footer on every page.  The command
\verb"\lfoot[Text 1]{Text 2}" puts ``Text~1'' into the left justified
footer on the first page and ``Text~2'' into the left justified footer
on all other pages.  The commands \verb"\cfoot" and \verb"\rfoot" have
similar effects on the centered and right justified parts of the
footer. 


For example, to have an empty footer on the first page and the footer
\samplefoot{}{}{Page 3 of 5}{}
on all pages after the first, you would give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\lfoot{}
\cfoot{}
\rfoot[]{Page \thepage\ of \numpages}
\end{verbatim}
%
(For an explanation of the \verb"\numpages" command, see
section~\ref{sec:numpages}.)  



%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsubsection*{Leaving extra room for multiple line footers}

See section~\ref{sec:extra-room} for a description of the
\verb"\extrafootheight" command.




%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{Leaving extra room for multiple line headers and footers}
\label{sec:extra-room}

\subsubsection*{Headers}
If you specify more than one or two lines for any part of the header,
then you may want to move the header down slightly so that it doesn't
run off of the top of the paper.  The command for this is
\verb"\extraheadheight".  You can also use the \verb"\extraheadheight"
command to adjust the size of the text area.  The
\verb"\extraheadheight" command never changes the distance between the
header and the text.

For example, to move the header and the text a half inch
down from the top of the page, you would give the command
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\extraheadheight{.5in}"
\end{center}
%
You can also specify a negative distance to \verb"extraheadheight" to
move the header up closer to the top of the paper.  For example, the
command
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\extraheadheight{-.25in}"
\end{center}
%
moves the header one quarter inch closer to the top of the paper.

If you want to have a different value for \verb"\extraheadheight" on
the first page from that on the pages after the first, then use the
same syntax as in the \verb"\lhead", \verb"\chead", and \verb"\rhead"
commands: Include an optional argument giving the extra head height
for the first page, and the required argument will apply only to
those pages after the first.  For example, the command
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\extraheadheight[.5in]{.25in}"
\end{center}
%
gives a half inch of extra head height on the first page and a
quarter inch of extra head height on all pages after the first. 
If you say
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\extraheadheight[.5in]{}"
\end{center}
%
then this will be interpreted as if it was
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\extraheadheight[.5in]{0in}"
\end{center}
%
Note that the braces \emph{must} appear.


If you give an \verb"\extraheadheight" command, it should be after the
\verb"\documentclass" command but before the \verb"\begin{document}"
command.  The \verb"\extraheadheight" command can also be used to
change the size of the text region (see section~\ref{sec:pagesize}).




\subsubsection*{Footers}
To leave extra room for multiple line footers, you use the command
\verb"\extrafootheight".  Thus, to move the footer one half inch
higher up on the paper, you would give the command
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\extrafootheight{.5in}"
\end{center}
%
If you wanted to move the footer an eighth of an inch lower down on
the paper, you would give the command
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\extrafootheight{-.125in}"
\end{center}

If you want to have a different value for \verb"\extrafootheight" on
the first page from that on the pages after the first, then use the
same syntax as in the \verb"\lfoot", \verb"\cfoot", and \verb"\rfoot"
commands: Include an optional argument giving the extra foot height
for the first page, and the required argument will apply only to
those pages after the first.  For example, the command
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\extrafootheight[.5in]{.25in}"
\end{center}
%
gives a half inch of extra foot height on the first page and a
quarter inch of extra foot height on all pages after the first. 
If you say
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\extrafootheight[.5in]{}"
\end{center}
%
then this will be interpreted as if it was
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\extrafootheight[.5in]{0in}"
\end{center}
%
Note that the braces \emph{must} appear.


If you give an \verb"\extrafootheight" command, it should be after the
\verb"\documentstyle" command but before the \verb"\begin{document}"
command.  The \verb"\extrafootheight" command can also be used to
change the size of the text region (see section~\ref{sec:pagesize}).






%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{Horizontal rules}
\label{sec:rules}

The \verb"exam" document class make it easy to put a horizontal rule
under the header and one above the footer.  It is also easy to do
this for the pages after the first page without affecting the first
page.

\begin{itemize}
\item
The command \verb"\runningheadrule" puts a horizontal rule below the
header on all pages after the first.

\item
The command
\verb"\firstpageheadrule" puts a rule under the header of only the
first page.

\item
The command \verb"\headrule" is equivalent to the two
commands \verb"\firstpageheadrule" and \verb"\runningheadrule".

\item
The command \verb"\runningfootrule" puts a horizontal rule above the
footer on all pages after the first.

\item
The command
\verb"\firstpagefootrule" puts a rule above the footer of only the
first page.

\item
The command \verb"\footrule" is equivalent to the two
commands \verb"\firstpagefootrule" and \verb"\runningfootrule".

\end{itemize}
%
For example, to have the header
\samplehead{Math 115}{First Exam}{July 4, 1776}{}
on the first page, with the header
\samplehead{Math 115}{First Exam}{July 4, 1776}{\hrule}
on all pages after the first, give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\runningheadrule
\lhead{Math 115}
\chead{First Exam}
\rhead{July 4, 1776}
\end{verbatim}


\bigskip

To have no footer on the first page, and the footer
\samplefoot{\hrule}{}{Page 3 of 5}{}
on all pages after the first, you would give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\runningfootrule
\lfoot{}
\cfoot[]{Page \thepage\ of \numpages}
\rfoot{}
\end{verbatim}






%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{Listing the number of pages in the exam}
\label{sec:numpages}

The \verb"exam" document class defines the command \verb"\numpages"
so that it will expand to the number of pages in the exam.  Thus, to
have the footer
\samplefoot{}{}{Page \thepage\ of \numpages}{}
you should give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\lfoot{}
\cfoot{Page \thepage\ of \numpages}
\rfoot{}
\end{verbatim}
%
For a description of the commands \verb"\lfoot", \verb"\cfoot", and
\verb"\rfoot", see section~\ref{sec:footer}.

As with all other cross referencing commands in \LaTeX, you'll have to
run the file through \LaTeX{} \emph{twice} to be sure that
\verb"\numpages" is correct.

%---------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{Treating the last page differently}
\label{sec:lastpage}

If you want to vary the text that appears in the header or footer on
the last page of the exam, you  should use the command
\verb"\iflastpage".  The command
%
\begin{center}
\verb"\iflastpage{Text 1}{Text 2}"
\end{center}
%
expands to `Text~1' on the last page, and to `Text~2' on all
pages before the last.  Thus, to have the footer
\samplefoot{}{}{Please go on to the next page\ldots}{}
on all pages before the last page, and the footer
\samplefoot{}{}{End of exam}{}
on the last page, you would give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\lfoot{}
\cfoot{\iflastpage{End of exam}{Please go on to the next page\ldots}}
\rfoot{}
\end{verbatim}
%
For a description of the commands \verb"\lfoot", \verb"\cfoot", and
\verb"\rfoot", see section~\ref{sec:footer}.

As with all other cross referencing commands in \LaTeX, you'll have to
run the file through \LaTeX{} \emph{twice} to be sure that
\verb"\iflastpage" correctly detects the last page.

%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{Treating odd and even numbered pages differently}

If you'd like odd and even numbered pages to be treated differently
(perhaps because you'll be printing onto both sides of the paper), you
should use the \verb"\oddeven" command.

The \verb"\oddeven" command takes two arguments.  If the current page
number is odd it expands to the first argument; otherwise, it expands
to the second argument.

For example, to have the page number printed in the right head on odd
numbered pages and in the left head on even numbered pages, you would
use the commands
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
\rhead{\oddeven{\thepage}{}}
\lhead{\oddeven{}{\thepage}}
\chead{}
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
If you wanted the footer of the even numbered pages to be empty and
the footer of the odd numbered pages to contain the message ``Please
continue\dots'', except that the last page of the exam should have an empty
footer whether its page number is even or odd, then you would use the
commands 
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
\lfoot{}
\rfoot{}
\cfoot{\oddeven{\iflastpage{}{Please continue\dots}}{}}
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
(see section~\ref{sec:lastpage} for an explanation of
\verb"\iflastpage"). 

Although the \verb"\oddeven" command can be used anywhere in the
document (i.e., not just in headers and footers), it is reliable only
in headers and footers.  This is because \LaTeX{} generally processes
more text than can fit on the current page before it outputs a page.
When the \verb"\oddeven" command is encountered it will act as though
it will appear on the current page whether it appears on that page or
on the following page.

%--------------------------------------------------------------------
\subsection{Examples}

\begin{example}
\label{sec:beginexamples}
To have the header
\samplehead{Math 115}{First Exam}{July 4, 1776}{}
on the first page, the header
\samplehead{Math 115}{First Exam, Page 2 of 5}{July 4, 1776}{\hrule}
on all pages after the first, and no footer on any page, give the
commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\pagestyle{head}
\runningheadrule
\firstpageheader{Math 115}{First Exam}{July 4, 1776}
\runningheader{Math 115}%
              {First Exam, Page \thepage\ of \numpages}%
              {July 4, 1776}
\end{verbatim}
%
Alternatively, you could give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\pagestyle{head}
\runningheadrule
\lhead{Math 115}
\chead[First Exam]{First Exam, Page \thepage\ of \numpages}
\rhead{July 4, 1776}
\end{verbatim}
%
\end{example}




\begin{example}
To have the header
\samplehead{Math 115}{First Exam}{July 4, 1776}{}
on the first page, no header on the pages after the first, no footer
on the first page, and the footer
\samplefoot{\hrule}{Math 115}{First Exam}{Page 2 of 5}
on all pages after the first, give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\pagestyle{headandfoot}
\runningfootrule
\firstpageheader{Math 115}{First Exam}{July 4, 1776}
\runningheader{}{}{}
\firstpagefooter{}{}{}
\runningfooter{Math 115}{First Exam}{Page \thepage\ of \numpages}
\end{verbatim}
%
Alternatively, you could give the commands
\begin{verbatim}
\pagestyle{headandfoot}
\runningfootrule
\lhead[Math 115]{}
\chead[First Exam]{}
\rhead[July 4, 1776]{}
\lfoot[]{Math 115}
\cfoot[]{First Exam}
\rfoot[]{Page \thepage\ of \numpages}
\end{verbatim}
%
\end{example}



\begin{example}
To have the header
\samplehead{\large\bf Mathematics 115\\
            First Exam, July 4, 1776}%
           {}{\large\bf Name:\enspace\hbox to 2in{\hrulefill}}{}
on the first page, the header
\samplehead{\large\bf Mathematics 115\\
            First Exam, July 4, 1776}%
           {}{}{}
on all pages after the first, an empty foot on the first page, and
the footer
\samplefoot{}{}{Page 2}{}
on all pages after the first, give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\pagestyle{headandfoot}
\firstpageheader{\large\bf Mathematics 115\\
                 First Exam, July 4, 1776}%
                {}{\large\bf Name:\enspace\hbox to 2in{\hrulefill}}
\runningheader{\large\bf Mathematics 115\\
               First Exam, July 4, 1776}{}{}
\firstpagefooter{}{}{}
\runningfooter{}{Page \thepage}{}
\end{verbatim}
%
Alternatively, you could give the commands
\begin{verbatim}
\pagestyle{headandfoot}
\lhead{\large\bf Mathematics 115\\ First Exam, July 4, 1776}
\chead{}
\rhead[\large\bf Name:\enspace\hbox to 2in{\hrulefill}]{}
\lfoot{}
\cfoot[]{Page \thepage}
\rfoot{}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example}

\begin{example}
To have the header
\samplehead{}{Wellesley College\\
              Second Semester Final Examination, Spring 1993\\
              Mathematics 115}{}{}
on the first page, the header
\samplehead{}{Wellesley College\\
              Second Semester Final Examination, Spring 1993\\
              Mathematics 115 (Continued)}{}{}
on all pages after the first, the footer
\samplefoot{}{}{Page 3 of 10}{Please go on to the next page\ldots}
on all pages \emph{except the last} page, and the footer
\samplefoot{}{}{Page 10 of 10}{End of exam.}
on the last page, give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\pagestyle{headandfoot}
\extraheadheight{.25in}
\firstpageheader{}{Wellesley College\\
                   Second Semester Final Examination, Spring 1993\\
                   Mathematics 115}{}
\runningheader{}{Wellesley College\\
                 Second Semester Final Examination, Spring 1993\\
                 Mathematics 115 (Continued)}{}
\footer{}{Page \thepage\ of \numpages}%
   {\iflastpage{End of exam.}{Please go on to the next page\ldots}}
\end{verbatim}
%
Alternatively, you could give the commands
\begin{verbatim}
\pagestyle{headandfoot}
\extraheadheight{.25in}
\lhead{}
\chead[Wellesley College\\
       Second Semester Final Examination, Spring 1993\\
       Mathematics 115]
      {Wellesley College\\
       Second Semester Final Examination, Spring 1993\\
       Mathematics 115 (Continued)}
\rhead{}
\lfoot{}
\cfoot{Page \thepage\ of \numpages}
\rfoot{\iflastpage{End of exam.}{Please go on to the next page\ldots}}
\end{verbatim}

\end{example}

\begin{example}
\label{sec:endexamples}
To have the header
\samplehead{}{Wellesley College\\
              Second Semester Final Examination, Spring 1993\\
              Mathematics 115}{}{}
on the first page, the header
\samplehead{Mathematics 115 (Continued)}{}{Spring, 1993}{}
on all pages after the first, the footer
\samplefoot{}{}{Page 3 of 10}{Please go on to the next page\ldots}
on all pages \emph{except the last} page, and the footer
\samplefoot{}{}{Page 10 of 10}{End of exam.}
on the last page, give the commands
%
\begin{verbatim}
\pagestyle{headandfoot}
\extraheadheight[.25in]{}
\firstpageheader{}{Wellesley College\\
                   Second Semester Final Examination, Spring 1993\\
                   Mathematics 115}{}
\runningheader{Mathematics 115}{}{Spring, 1993}
\footer{}{Page \thepage\ of \numpages}%
   {\iflastpage{End of exam.}{Please go on to the next page\ldots}}
\end{verbatim}
%
Alternatively, you could give the commands
\begin{verbatim}
\pagestyle{headandfoot}
\extraheadheight[.25in]{}
\lhead[]{Mathematics 115}
\chead[Wellesley College\\
       Second Semester Final Examination, Spring 1993\\
       Mathematics 115]{}
\rhead[]{Spring, 1993}
\lfoot{}
\cfoot{Page \thepage\ of \numpages}
\rfoot{\iflastpage{End of exam.}{Please go on to the next page\ldots}}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example}

%--------------------------------------------------------------------


\end{document}
