The math symbols
< > and | are used only in math mode.
Note that left and right angle brackets (which are somewhat taller than
< and >) can be obtained with
\langle and \rangle commands.
The single right quotation mark, ', produces a prime in math mode.
You can also use \prime.
\boldmath font
\cdots (centered ellipsis)
\ddots (diagonal ellipsis)
\frac
\ldots (ellipsis)
\overbrace
\overline
\sqrt
\stackrel putting
things above other things
\underbrace
\underline
\vdots (vertical ellipsis)